Ukwephulwa Kwamalungelo Abathengi ku-Ecommerce: Ucwaningo, Izingozi, kanye nokuthi Ungazivikela Kanjani

  • Izibopho ezibalulekile: ubunikazi bomthengisi, amanani asobala, ukuhoxiswa kanye neziqinisekiso ezisebenzayo.
  • Izingozi ezivamile: amaphethini amnyama, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ilotho mbumbulu, nezimo eziphuthumayo zokwenziwa.
  • Ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka: isisekelo esingokomthetho, ukunciphisa idatha, i-HTTPS, nezindlela zokukhokha ezivikelekile.
  • Isimangalo esisebenzayo: I-ODR, ukulamula kwabathengi, izinhlangano kanye nesinyathelo somthetho lapho kufanele khona.
Susana Maria Urbano Mateos

Imizuzu ye-6

amalungelo omthengi ku-e-commerce

Ukubhekwa kweYurophu: ukuphulwa okuyinhloko kutholiwe

ukungahambisani ne-e-commerce

I-European Commission yenza a ucwaningo kuzo zonke izindawo ezingama-697 ye-e-commerce e-European Union. Imiphumela ikhomba lokho I-63% yamasayithi e-Ecommerce ayinikezeli ngokucacile imininingwane ehambelana nokuthengiselana.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi eyodwa kuzo zonke amakhasi amathathu we-e-commerce babenemininingwane engaphelele noma engacacile kumthengisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eyodwa ngayinye izingosi ezinhlanu ze-ecommerce azizange zinikeze amakhasimende ukuboniswa okucacile yamanani noma imibandela yenkontileka.

Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi ifayela le- I-European Commission isebenzisa lolu phenyo njalo ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwe-European Union iyasetshenziswa. Ezingosini ze-e-commerce ezingama-697 ezahlaziywa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ezingama-436 zazinohlobo oluthile lokungajwayelekile.

Imithetho emisha ye-e-commerce eYurophu
I-athikili ehlobene:
Imithetho emisha ye-e-commerce eYurophu: Umhlahlandlela ophelele

Ngesikhathi sophenyo, I-European Commission yacacisa izindaba eziningana ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, cishe amasayithi amabili kwamathathu e-ecommerce awanalo lonke ulwazi mayelana nelungelo lokuhoxiswa kokuthengiselana njengoba kudingwa ngumthetho.

Ngisho, lokhu uhlobo lwamasayithi alufakanga ifomu lokuhoxa okuhambisanayo noma awazisanga amaklayenti abo ngenani eliqondile lezinsuku (14), ezitholakalayo ngabo ukuhoxisa ukuthengiselana okuku-inthanethi.

Kubikwe nokuthi eyodwa ngayinye amawebhusayithi amathathu abenemininingwane engaphelele noma engacaci kahle mayelana nabathengisi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi leyo ebinganikezeli ngemininingwane efana nekheli noma igama eliphelele le-opharetha futhi kutholakale nokuthi ama-21% amasayithi awazisanga ngentengo noma ngemibandela yenkontileka ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa i-oda.

Amaphesenti amancane we-18% wezindawo ze-ecommerce awanikanga ngemininingwane eqondile maqondana ne- izici noma imininingwane yemikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo abazithengisayo. Okungabikwanga ukuthi amasayithi ahlukumezayo azothola noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlawulo noma inhlawulo.

Ekushaneleni kwakamuva kwamaphothali angamasekeni, abuyekeziwe amakhulu amabhizinisi edijithali futhi bahlonziwe ukwephulwa kwengxenye ebalulekile yazo. Phakathi kokwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe: ukuntula ulwazi mayelana ilungelo lokuhoxa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14, izinqubo zokubuyisela ezingacacile y ukwephulwa kweziqinisekiso ezincane nakwezisetshenzisiwe. Nabo baye babhekwa izitatimende zezemvelo ezingenabufakazi noma ngemilayezo engase idukise. Imikhakha ebuyekezwe kakhulu ihlanganisa Izingubo ezisetshenzisiwe, izinto zikagesi, amathoyizi, izincwadi, ifenisha, ezezimoto, ezemidlalo nezokulima; ngokubamba iqhaza kwamazwe amaningi e-EU kanye ne-EEA.

Amalungelo ayisisekelo okufanele izitolo eziku-inthanethi ziwahloniphe

amalungelo nokuphepha ezinkokhelweni ze-inthanethi

  • Ubunikazi bomthengisi: kumele ifakwe igama lenkampani, i-NIF, ikheli kanye noxhumana nabo kubonakala, ngokuvamile endaweni yezomthetho.
  • Intengo ephelele esobala: ukuhlukana kwe izintela, izindleko zokuthumela nezindleko ngaphambi kokukhokha.
  • Imigomo nemibandela yokulethwa: Uma kungacacisiwe, ukulethwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphakathi iminqamulajuqu enengqondo futhi noma yisiphi isigameko sizobikwa.
  • Ukuqinisekisa ukuthenga: ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha kwe ubufakazi benkontileka.
  • Isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni sokuvumelana: ukufakwa okuncane e-EU; kwamanye amazwe Iminyaka emi-3 yezimpahla y 2 kokuqukethwe kwedijithali/izinkonzo. Isetshenziswa, ubuncane obusemthethweni okungavunyelwana ngakho ngaphandle kokuwela ngaphansi komkhawulo ovunyelwe.
  • Ilungelo lokuhoxa: imvamisa, Izinsuku ezingama-14 zekhalenda ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngaphandle (isb., imikhiqizo yangokwezifiso noma izinsizakalo esezenziwe ngemvume kakade).
  • Ukuvikelwa kwedatha: ulwazi olucacile mayelana izinjongo, isisekelo somthetho, ukongiwa kanye namalungelo; okungenzeka kwe ukufinyelela, ukulungisa kanye nokususwa.
  • Ukuthenga okuphephile: izindlela zokukhokha ngaphandle kwezindleko ezengeziwe ezingafanelekile kanye indawo ene-HTTPS nesitifiketi.

Izindlela zokusiza nokuxazulula izingxabano

izicelo kanye nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano

  • I-Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Platform: indawo yokufinyelela yamahhala yokuxazulula izingxabano zokuthenga ku-inthanethi phakathi abathengi namabhizinisi.
  • European Consumer Centers: ukwesekwa uma ufaka isimangalo ngokumelene nenkampani ekwelinye izwe eliyilungu.
  • Ukulamula kwabathengi: indlela engaphandle kokwahlulela ishesha futhi ikhululekile lapho inkampani ihlangene.
  • Isimangalo sokuphatha futhi, lapho kufanele, isinyathelo senkantolo; ngamanani amancane angaba khona izinqubo ezenziwe lula.

Izenzo ezingalungile nezigatshana ezihlukumezayo

imikhuba engalungile ku-e-commerce

  • Okukhohlisayo: ngesenzo noma ngokungenzi (isb., imininingwane yamanga, fihla idatha ebalulekile, umnikelo ongenalutho, imiklomelo engekho, ukudideka komkhiqizo).
  • enolaka: ukuphoqelela, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuqhubeka kwengcindezi, ukuxhashazwa kwezingane noma izimo ezisengozini.
  • Izitembu mbumbulu noma amakhodi: ukubonisa amabheji angagunyaziwe.
  • Ukudayisa ngamaphiramidi: isinxephezelo esisekelwe ekutholeni hhayi ekuthengisweni kwangempela.

I-Las izigaba ezihlukumezayo ziyize futhi azibophezeli: ukubophezela inkontileka ku- intando yosomabhizinisi, umkhawulo amalungelo ezomthetho, phoqa ukuntuleka kokubuyisana, iziqinisekiso ezingalingani, izindleko ezihambisana nosomabhizinisi noma ngaphansi komthengi amandla okuphatha anganeleIsenzo esihlangene siqinisa ukuqedwa kwazo.

Amaphethini Amnyama: Ukuguqulwa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo

amaphethini amnyama ezindaweni zokusebenzelana

  1. Ukuphuthuma kokwenziwa: izikhathi ezingabazekayo nemiyalezo yokushoda.
  2. Ubufakazi bomphakathi obukhuphukile: izaziso ezidukisayo noma ubufakazi.
  3. Ukukhethwa kusengaphambili nokufihla: okungeziwe okumakwe ngokuzenzakalelayo u ulwazi olufihliwe.
  4. Ukubhaliswa okuphoqelelwe noma ukuqoqwa ngokweqile kwedatha.
  5. Ukuphikelela okuphindaphindiwe ukuphoqa izinqumo.
  6. Izindlela zokukhansela ezinzima noma ukuphuma okufihliwe.
  7. Intengo yangokwezifiso e-opaque ngokusho ukuzimisela ukukhokha.
  8. Ihlela kabusha imiphumela ukugqamisa okunikezwayo kwakho ngaphandle kokucaca.

Imikhonyovu Evamile: Ungayibona Kanjani Futhi Uphendule Kanjani

ukukhwabanisa okuvamile kokuthenga ku-inthanethi

Izinhlamvu zaseNigeria: izithembiso zembuyiselo enkulu ngokushintshanisa intuthuko. Okufanele ngikwenze: Ungaphenduli, hhayi ukunikeza idatha, gcina ubufakazi futhi sola.

I-Phishing: ama-imeyili noma ama-SMS azenza amabhange noma amabhizinisi, anezixhumanisi zokuya amawebhusayithi ahlanganisiwe. Ukuvimbela: ungachofozi izixhumanisi, ungathumeli idatha, yazisa ibhange, sebenzisa i-antivirus kanye ne-firewall.

Amalotho mbumbulu: izaziso zemiklomelo engadlalwanga edinga izinkokhelo zangaphambili noma imibhalo. Isincomo: Uma kuzwakala kukuhle kakhulu, ukungathembi; ukungakhokhi noma ukuthumela imibhalo, ukugcina ubufakazi kanye sola.

Amathiphu ahlukanisayo: khomba umdayisi, izindlela zokukhokha ezivikelekile, ungasebenzisi imishini yokuthumela imali uma uthenga, sesha izimpawu zasethembe kanye nezixhumanisi I-HTTPS.

Vikela inkokhelo, amarisidi nokulebula

izinkokhelo ezivikelekile ku-e-commerce

  • I-HTTPS kanye ne-padlock kubonakala kubha yesiphequluli.
  • amakhadi virtual noma abaxhumanisi benkokhelo ukuze banciphise ukuchayeka.
  • Ithikithi noma i-invoyisi kufinyeleleka njalo futhi kulondolozelwe izikhalazo.
  • Ukubhalisa okulungile: ukwakheka, izici kanye nemvelaphi.
  • Izimali: ulwazi lwangaphambilini lwe I-Tae kanye nenani eliphelele.

Ubumfihlo kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu ku-e-commerce

ubumfihlo kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha

Ukucubungula idatha kudinga isisekelo esisemthethweni esisemthethweni (imvume, inkontileka, inzalo esemthethweni, njll.), imininingwane yangaphambilini ngezinjongo, izikhathi namalungelo, nezinyathelo zokuphepha ukuphepha okuvela kumklamo. Gwema izimvume eziningi, imikhawulo isebenzisa uku izinjongo ezigunyaziwe, ukuqeda lokho okungadingekile futhi yenza angaziwa lapho kufaneleka khona. Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa, yiba Izivumelwano zokuphendula nabahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe abaneziqinisekiso.

Ezemfundo, ezempilo nokuphepha, ukumelwa kanye nokuqapha

ukufundisa kwabathengi kanye nokumela

  • Ukuphepha komkhiqizo: izimpahla ezingenabungozi ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile; ukunaka izimpawu kanye nokuvumelana.
  • Ukulungisa umonakalo: kungenzeka kwe isinxephezelo ngamademeshe enkantolo.
  • Imfundo yabathengi: izinhlelo kanye izinto zolwazi yezokuphatha nezinhlangano.
  • Ukumelwa: izinhlangano zabathengi ukuthi liqondise, liqhube futhi libambe iqhaza ekuxazululeni izinkinga nasezifundweni.

I-E-commerce inikeza lula nokufinyelela, kodwa futhi nesidingo ukukhuthala kochwepheshe kwabathengisi y ukubhekwa okunolwazi kwabathengiUkuthobelana nolwazi olucacile lwangaphambi kwenkontileka, ukuhoxiswa kwemali, iziqinisekiso, ubumfihlo, izinkokhelo ezivikelekile, neziteshi ezisebenzayo zezikhalazo akuyona inketho: kuyisisekelo sobudlelwano obuthembekile nezimakethe zedijithali eziqhubekayo.