Ukwebiwa Kobunikazi Ku-inthanethi: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuthola, Ukuvimbela, Nokubika

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokwebiwa kobunikazi , njengoba ngaphakathi kwezwe lomhlaba wonke lezentengiselwano ze -e-commerce kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhangisa ezifana nezinkundla zokuxhumana, ezithonya kakhulu izinqumo zamanje zokuthenga nokuthengisa imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo.

Ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwala manethiwekhi, kunabantu abazenza abanye ukuze bathole umkhiqizo noma isevisi egameni lomnikazi ongazi ukuthi kwenzekani, ngakho ukwebiwa kobunikazi kuyinkinga yamanje okumele ixazululwe ngokushesha nangokuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe.

Kuyini ukwebiwa kobunikazi futhi kusebenza kanjani?

Ukwebiwa kobunikazi kuyinqubo lapho umuntu ezenza omunye umuntu ngenhloso yokukhohlisa abanye . Singakucabanga njengomuntu osebenzisa imaski noma ukufihla kwedijithali ukuzenza omunye umuntu, efuna ukuthola ulwazi oluyimfihlo, inzuzo yezezimali, ukulimaza idumela lesisulu, noma ukwenza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni egameni lakhe.

Lesi simo asigcini nje kuphela endaweni ebonakalayo; singenzeka ezweni langempela, yize ukusabalala kwaso ku-inthanethi kube kukhulu. Kuyindlela yokukhwabanisa engaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, kusukela ekuchitheni ama-akhawunti asebhange kuya ekubhubhiseni isithombe somphakathi sochwepheshe noma umuntu.

Ukuzenza ongeyena empeleni kuzenza njengomunye umuntu ku-Intanethi ukuze enze izenzo ezingekho emthethweni.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lobu bugebengu buhlasela ubumfihlo nokuphepha kwabasebenzisi . Ukuze sibhekane nale nkinga, sincoma ukuthi sifunde lesi sihloko ngokucophelela, njengoba sizohlaziya amacala avame kakhulu okwebiwa kobunikazi kanye namasu asebenza kahle kakhulu okuwavimbela.

Izinhlobo zokwebiwa kobunikazi kanye nendlela yokusebenza

Ukuze silwe nalolu bugebengu, kumele siqale siqonde ukuthi izisusa ziyahlukahluka , yize inhloso ivame ukuba inzuzo yezezimali noma inzondo yomuntu siqu. Ngezansi, sichaza izindlela ezivame kakhulu ezenziwa ngazo lesi senzo:

• Ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuma-akhawunti akhona: Umhlukumezi uyakwazi ukufinyelela i-akhawunti yangempela yesisulu. Lokhu kubucayi kakhulu ngoba banokufinyelela ku- imiyalezo yangaseseidatha ebucayi futhi bangashintsha ulwazi lwephrofayela. Ukuze bafeze lokhu, bavame ukusebenzisa ukuphingai-malware noma ukuqagela amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka.
• Ukudalwa kwamaphrofayili mbumbulu (Ukufanisa): Umhlaseli udala i-akhawunti entsha esebenzisa i- isithombe kanye nedatha yomuntu siqu kusuka esisulu. Kuyinqubo elula kunokugenca, njengoba kudinga kuphela ukuqoqa ulwazi lomphakathi ukuze kukhohliswe abanye abasebenzisi.
• Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane eyimfihlo, ukukhwabanisa kanye nokukhwabanisa: Amasu obunjiniyela bezenhlalo lapho kuthunyelwa khona ama-imeyili, imiyalezo ye-SMS, noma izingcingo ezizenza izinhlangano ezisemthethweni (amabhange, izinhlangano zikahulumeni) ukuze ukweba imininingwane noma imininingwane yekhadi.
• Ama-akhawunti ebiwe ngenxa yokuvuza: Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kokuphepha kusevisi eku-inthanethi, izigebengu zithola izizindalwazi zamaphasiwedi futhi zifinyelele ama-akhawunti amaningi abasebenzisi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwekhadi le-ID ngokukhwabanisa: Amakhophi askeniwe emibhalo kamazisi asetshenziselwa ukuqasha imali mboleko emincane eku-inthanethiimigqa yeselula noma ukuvula ama-akhawunti kuma-neobanks (njenge-Revolut noma i-ING) ngaphandle kwemvume yomnikazi.
• Ukusayina kanye nemibhalo engamanga: Indlela yakudala lapho kulingiswa khona isiginesha yomuntu ukuze kusayinwe izivumelwano zokuqasha noma kwenziwe ukudluliselwa kwemali ebhange.

Indawo evame kakhulu lapho lokhu kulingisa kwenzeka khona kusezinkundleni zokuxhumana , njengoba ulwazi lomuntu siqu luvame ukudalulwa. Kuyiphutha elivamile ukuthi lokhu kuthinta osaziwayo kuphela; noma yimuphi umsebenzisi onephrofayela yomphakathi angaba yisisulu sokukhwabanisa.

Uhlaka lwezomthetho kanye nemiphumela yobugebengu eSpain

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuhlangana kwegama okulula kanye nobugebengu. Uma isenzo siqukethe ukusebenzisa igama elingenazo izithombe noma olunye ulwazi, kungaba yindaba ye- homonymy , futhi akukho senzo somthetho esingenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma kusetshenziswa izithombe noma idatha yomuntu siqu, singena endaweni yokwephulwa komthetho.

Ohlelweni lwezomthetho lwaseSpain, ukwebiwa kobunikazi kukhulunywa ngakho kakhulu ku- Article 401 ye-Penal Code , ngaphansi kwegama lokuthatha isikhundla somphakathi . Lobu bugebengu bujezisa noma ubani ophinda futhi azenze omunye umuntu ngokuphelele ezinkonzweni zomthetho, ngezijeziso ezisukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emithathu ejele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngenhloso yesenzo, kungase kube nezinye izenzo zobugebengu:

• Ukukhwabanisa (Ubuciko 248 CP): Uma umuntu ozenzisa ekhohlisa inhlangano noma umuntu ukuze athole inzuzo yezomnotho.
• Ukutholwa nokwembulwa kwezimfihlo: Uma isigebengu sifinyelele i-akhawunti yangasese ngokweba amaphasiwedi.
• Ukwephulwa kwelungelo lomuntu lokuba nesithombe sakhe: Ngokuya nge Isigaba 18 soMthethosisekelo waseSpain, uma izithombe zisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemvume.
• Ukuhlukumeza noma ukulandelela (Umthetho 172 ter CP): Uma ukuzenza umuntu ongeyena umuntu kudala umkhuba wokuhlukumeza okuphindaphindiwe, izinhlawulo zisukela ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya eminyakeni emi-2 ejele.

Ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kwi-akhawunti yomunye umsebenzisi kuyicala ngoba kwephula ubumfihlo besisulu . Umenzi wobubi angabhekana namacala aphindwe kabili: elilodwa lokufinyelela okungekho emthethweni kanye nelinye lendlela engafanele esetshenziswe ukuthola iphasiwedi.

Indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yokwebiwa kolwazi kanye nokwebiwa kobunikazi

Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuba yisisulu, kubalulekile ukwamukela imikhuba eqinile yokuhlanzeka kwedijithali . Lapha sichaza izindlela zokuvimbela eziphumelela kakhulu:

Ukufinyelela kanye nokuvikelwa kwephasiwedi

• Amaphasiwedi aqinile: Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezinkulu, izinhlamvu ezincane, izinombolo, kanye nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Gwema izinsuku zokuzalwa noma amagama ezilwane ezifuywayo. Okungcono kakhulu, sebenzisa i- umphathi wephasiwedi ukuba nezihluthulelo ezihlukile zesevisi ngayinye.
• Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA): Njalo vumela le nketho. Ngisho noma isigebengu sintshontsha iphasiwedi yakho, ngeke sikwazi ukufinyelela i-akhawunti yakho ngaphandle kwekhodi yesikhashana ethunyelwe efonini yakho ephathekayo.
• Ukubethelwa kwedatha: Uma uthumela ulwazi olubucayi, yenza kanjalo ngeziteshi eziphephile ezifana I-VPN, imigudu ye-SSH noma amafomu anephrothokholi I-HTTPS (hlola njalo ukuthi i-padlock iyavela yini kusiphequluli).

Ukuphathwa kobumfihlo kumanethiwekhi omphakathi

• Amaphrofayela ayimfihlo: Lungiselela ama-akhawunti akho ukuze abantu abathembekile kuphela bakwazi ukubona ulwazi lwakho. Gwema ukushiya inombolo yakho yocingo noma ikheli le-imeyili kumodi yomphakathi.
• Izindlela zokwamukela oxhumana nabo: Ungazamukeli izicelo zobungani ezivela kubantu ongabazi. Hlola ukuthi obani ofana nabo ngaphambi kokuvumela ukufinyelela eqenjini lakho lokuxhumana nabantu.
• Ukulawula okuqukethwe: Gwema ukwabelana ngamavidiyo noma izithombe ezibeka engcupheni. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukusebenzisa lokhu ukuze ukuphanga kulabo abasongelwa ukusabalala.
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezibizo: Kumaforamu noma kumabhulogi, cabanga ukusebenzisa isiteketiso esikhundleni segama lakho langempela ukuze kube nzima ngabahlaseli ukuqoqa idatha.

Ukuqapha okusebenzayo kanye nokuqwashisa

• Ukuzikhandla ngokweqile: Lo mkhuba uhilela ukusesha igama lakho lokuqala nelokugcina ku-Google, Bing, noma ku-Yahoo! ukuze kuqashwe ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olutholakalayo ngawe futhi kutholakale amaphrofayili angamanga kusenesikhathi.
• Izaziso ze-Google: Setha izexwayiso ezinegama lakho eliphelele ukuze uthole isaziso njalo lapho okuqukethwe okuhlobene nawe kushicilelwa kuwebhu.
• Ukubuyekezwa kwenqubomgomo yobumfihlo: Funda ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza zedatha zabelana ngani nabantu besithathu bese ulungisa izimvume njalo.
• Ukuhlonza i-Phishing: Funda ukubona ama-imeyili acela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-akhawunti ngokushesha. Khumbula ukuthi izikhungo ezisemthethweni Abalokothi babuze amagama ayimfihlo nge-imeyili noma ngomyalezo.

Indlela yokwabelana ngekhadi lakho le-ID ngokuphephile

Ngokuvamile, ngezinqubo eziku-inthanethi, sicelwa ikhophi yomazisi wethu. Lesi yisikhathi sobuthakathaka obukhulu. Ukuze uvimbele idokhumenti yakho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ukuthola imali mboleko esheshayo noma izinhlelo zocingo, landela lezi ziqondiso:

1. Ikhophi emnyama nemhlophe: Thumela isithombe esingenayo imibala ukuze kube nzima kakhulu ukwenza ukukhwabanisa kobungcweti.
2. Ukufakwa kwedatha engafanele: Susa noma faka iphikseli ngosuku lokukhishwa, isiginesha, noma usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi uma inqubo ingazidingi ngokuphelele.
3. Engeza i-watermark: Bhala inothi phezu kwesithombe (usebenzisa umhleli we-WhatsApp noma okufanayo) othi: "KUSEBENZA KUPHELA NGENQUBO X – USUKU XX/XX/XX"Lokhu kwenza isithombe singabi namsebenzi kwezinye izinjongo.
4. Ungathumeli uhlangothi oluphambene: Ngaphandle uma kudingekile ngempela, gwema ukwabelana ngengxenye engemuva yedokhumenti.

Uma usuvele uthumele i-ID yakho kumuntu ongamazi futhi usola ukuthi uyisebenzisa kabi, ungesabi , kodwa thatha isinyathelo: qapha ukuthengiselana kwakho ebhange, sebenzisa izexwayiso zezinkontileka ezintsha, bese ulondoloza ingxoxo lapho uthumele khona idokhumenti njengobufakazi.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma kwenzeka ukwebiwa kobunikazi? Umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma uthola ukuthi othile usebenzisa isithombe noma idatha yakho, ukuphendula ngokushesha kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umthelela. Landela le nqubo:

1. Ukuhlonza nokuqoqwa kobufakazi

Ngaphambi kokubika i-akhawunti, kufanele uqoqe ubufakazi . Okuqukethwe kungasuswa ngokushesha ngumhlaseli. Thatha izithombe-skrini ezigcwele zephrofayela engamanga, imiyalezo ethunyelwe kubantu besithathu, nanoma yiluphi ulwazi olungolwakho olusetshenziswa kabi. Uma ufuna usizo oluqinile lwezomthetho, cabanga ngokuba nommeli womphakathi oqinisekisa okuqukethwe kwewebhusayithi.

2. Faka isikhalazo epulatifomu ethintekile

Inethiwekhi ngayinye yezokuxhumana inezinqubo zayo. Lapha sichaza ukuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani kwezivame kakhulu:

• Facebook: Iya kuphrofayela mbumbulu $
  umcibisholo ongakwesokudla$ Isithonjana samachashazi amathathu $
  I-Rightarrow$ "Thumela impendulo noma ubike iphrofayela." Uma kuyikhasi, khetha "Amakhasi amanga nawokukhwabanisa."
• Instagram: Sebenzisa ifomu lokubika ukuzenza ongeyena. I-Instagram ivame ukudinga isithombe sekhadi le-ID kusuka kummangali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyisisulu sangempela.
• X (Twitter): Vula iphrofayela $
  umcibisholo ongakwesokudla$ Isithonjana samachashazi amathathu $
  Rightarrow$ "Bika". Khetha okuthi "Bayahlukumeza noma bayalimaza". Awudingi i-akhawunti ukuze ubike.
• LinkedIn: Iphrofayili engamanga $
  umcibisholo ongakwesokudla$ Amachashazi amathathu $
  Rightarrow$ "Bika/Vimba". Khetha "Ngicabanga ukuthi le akhawunti kungenzeka ukuthi igengelwe".
• I-TikTok: Finyelela isikhungo sokuphepha bese usebenzisa inketho yokubika i-akhawunti yokwebiwa kobunikazi.

3. Bika iziphathimandla ezisemthethweni

Faka isikhalazo esisemthethweni kumaButho Ezokuphepha Kahulumeni (i-FCSE) , njenge-National Police noma i-Civil Guard. ESpain, i -Guardia Civil's Cybercrime Unit iyiyunithi ekhethekile yala macala. Ungasebenzisa futhi ithuluzi le -Alertcops.

4. Izenzo zokuvimbela ezezimali nezokuphatha

• Amabhizinisi asebhange: Yazisa ibhange lakho ukuthi livimbe amakhadi noma ama-akhawunti uma usola ukuthi abekwe engcupheni.
• Abaphakeli kanye nabaqhubi: Uma bethole izintambo noma izinsizakalo zeselula egameni lakho, faka umbiko wamaphoyisa ukuze ukhansele izinkontileka.
• I-AEPD: Faka isicelo ngaphambi kwe- I-ejensi yaseSpain Yokuvikelwa Kwemininingwane ngokucutshungulwa okungekho emthethweni kwedatha yakho yomuntu siqu, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona okuqukethwe okubucayi okushicilelwe ngaphandle kwemvume.
• Noma yisiphi isikhungo sesikweletu: Uma uvela kumafayela abantu abangakhokhi (i-ASNEF, i-Experian, i-RAI), funa ukukhanselwa kwesikweletu ngokunikeza ikhophi yesikhalazo.

Indlela yokuthola ukuthi ubunikazi bakho buntshontshiwe (Izimpawu zesixwayiso)

Ukuzenza ongeyena akubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuqaleni. Kufanele uqaphele lezi zimpawu:

• Izaziso eziyinqaba: Ukuthola izincwadi noma izingcingo ezivela kubaqoqi bezikweletu mayelana nokuthenga ongakwenzanga.
• Amafayela abakweletayo: Ukuthola ukuthi usohlwini lwabantu abangakhokhi kahle ngaphandle kokuthi uphuthelwe yizinkokhelo.
• Umbuzo we-CIRBE: Cela umbiko we- Imininingwane Eningiliziwe Yobungozi beBhange LaseSpain futhi uthole imali mboleko noma izimali mboleko ezincane egameni lakho.
• Ukubhaliswa kwezintambo zocingo: Thola izaziso zokuphatheka kalula kwezintambo zeselula ongazicelanga.
• Amasamanisi enkantolo: Ukuthola izimfuno zezenzo ongakaze uzenze.

Amalungelo nezindlela zokuthola usizo lwezomthetho

Zonke izisulu zokwebiwa kobunikazi zinelungelo lokuthola isinxephezelo. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza okuthile:

Izinqubo zobugebengu

Inhloso yayo ukuthi uhlelo lobulungiswa lujezise umenzi wobugebengu ngezigwebo zasejele noma izinhlawulo. Kuye ngokuthi ubucayi kangakanani, i-Penal Code inikeza izinhlawulo ezihlukahlukene. Lesi yisinyathelo esidingekayo sokufakazela ngokomthetho ukuthi nawe uyisisulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela umise imiphumela yezinkontileka zokukhwabanisa.

Izinqubo zomphakathi

Isetshenziselwa ukufaka isicelo sesinxephezelo semali ngomonakalo owenzekile. Ijaji lizonquma inani ngokusekelwe ku:

• Umonakalo wempahla: Izindleko zokuzivikela, izimali zabameli, kanye nemali elahlekile ngenxa yokukhwabanisa.
• Ukulimala kokuziphatha: Ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokulimala kwedumela lomsebenzi noma lomuntu siqu.

Uma isisulu kwadingeka siqashe ummeli wobugebengu ukuze azivikele emacaleni enziwe ngumuntu ozenzisayo, singafuna ukukhokhelwa lezo zimali njengengxenye yesibopho somphakathi.

Amacala angokoqobo kanye nezibonelo zomthelela

Ukuze siqonde ubukhulu bale ngozi, ake sihlaziye amanye amacala aphathelene nombono:

• Ukukhwabanisa kothando: Kunezimo zabantu abasha izithombe zabo ezintshontshwayo ukuze kudalwe amaphrofayili kumasayithi okuthandana, lapho umuntu ozenza sengathi ungumuntu othandana naye esungula ubudlelwano obungokomzwelo nabantu besithathu bese ecela imali.
• Ukuzenza ongeyena i-CEO: Icala lika-Alf Göransson, i-CEO yenkampani yonogada, owayeyisisulu sobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi futhi wagcina esesesimweni sokuphelelwa yimali okwesikhashana ngenxa yemali mboleko ecelwe egameni lakhe.
• Abantu abavelele emphakathini nakwezepolitiki: UNgqongqoshe uJosep Borrell webiwe ubuwena ku-LinkedIn, lapho umhlaseli ashicilela khona okuthunyelwe futhi wathumela imiyalezo yangasese ecela izinkokhelo zokuya emihlanganweni okwakucatshangwa ukuthi iyenzeka.

Cishe ama -25% abantu baseSpain abanama-akhawunti ezinkundleni zokuxhumana babika ukuthi bake baba yizisulu zohlobo oluthile lokwebiwa kobunikazi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ubuthakathaka busakazeke kabanzi futhi abuxhomekile esimweni somphakathi.

Ukwebiwa kobunikazi kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi yomphakathi esebenzisa kabi ukuvuleka kwe-inthanethi kanye nokwethenjwa kwabasebenzisi. Ukuzivikela okungcono kakhulu ukuvimbela njalo , ukungabaza okunengqondo kwezicelo zedatha, kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo lapho kuqala ukwenzeka kwe-anomaly. Ukugcina ukulawula umkhondo wethu wedijithali nokwazi ukuthi singasabela kanjani ngokomthetho kungamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu okuvikela izimpilo zethu zomuntu siqu nezomsebenzi ohlelweni lwedijithali lwanamuhla.