Ukufinyelela izifundo zamahhala nezisezingeni eliphezulu njengomuntu ozisebenzayo eSpain kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekukhuliseni ibhizinisi lakho nasekukugcineni usesikhathini endaweni eshintsha njalo. Abantu abaningi abazisebenzayo abazi ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokuqeqeshwa kwamahhala ezixhaswe yi-SEPE (State Public Employment Service) nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi, ngakho-ke lesi sihloko senzelwe ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ungazuza kanjani kakhulu kuzo, ukuthi hlobo luni lwezihloko ongazithola, ukuthi ungabhalisa kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, nokuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zangempela zokutshala imali kulolu hlobo lokuqeqeshwa. Sizohlanganisa futhi lonke ulwazi olubalulekile oluqoqwe ezinsizeni ezinhle kakhulu kanye nama-portal asemthethweni, ngezincazelo ezilula, amathiphu awusizo, kanye nezimpendulo zemibuzo evame kakhulu.
Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho edijithali, ukuphatha kangcono ibhizinisi lakho elincane, ukuhlala usesikhathini ngezitayela ezintsha, noma ukuthola amathuluzi amasha ukuze uqhubeke nokukhula, lapha uzothola ulwazi olusebenzayo nolunemininingwane mayelana nezifundo zamahhala zabantu abazisebenzayo ezinikezwa yi-SEPE, i-Fundae, nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene, kanye nezinhlangano zokuqeqesha eziqashelwayo.
Kungani uthathe izifundo zamahhala ze-SEPE kwabazisebenzayo?
Imfundo eqhubekayo ibalulekile kunoma yimuphi umuntu ozisebenzayo ofuna ukukhula, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, noma ukuhlala encintisana. I-SEPE (State Public Employment Service) kanye ne-State Foundation for Employment Training (Fundae) zikhuthaza izinhlelo eziningi zokuqeqesha zamahhala ezenzelwe ngqo abazisebenzayo ukuze zimboze kokubili izidingo zokuphatha ezijwayelekile kanye namakhono akhethekile emikhakheni ehlukene.
Ukutshala isikhathi sakho kulezi zifundo kusho ukufinyelela okuqukethwe kwekhwalithi , ezimweni eziningi, okuvumelana nejubane lomuntu ngamunye, ngamashejuli aguquguqukayo kanye nezinketho eziningi zokuqeqeshwa eziku-inthanethi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho okumaketha kwedijithali, ukufunda ukusebenzisa amathuluzi e-accounting, ukuphatha imithombo yezokuxhumana, ukuvuselela ulwazi lwakho lobuchwepheshe, noma ngisho nokuhlola amasimu afana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, izinketho ezitholakalayo ziyakhula unyaka nonyaka.
Inzuzo enkulu yalezi zifundo ukuthi zimahhala ngokuphelele kubantu abazisebenzayo . Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuxhaswa ngumphakathi okuvela ezikhwameni zaseYurophu, zezwe, nezesifunda, okuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nokugxila okusebenzayo koqeqesho olunikezwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphathi bomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ezibambisene nabo bashintsha kakhulu okuqukethwe ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zangempela zaleli qembu, okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha kolwazi olutholiwe.
Ukuqeqeshwa akusizi nje kuphela ukuthi uhlanganise iphrojekthi yakho futhi uphumelele ukuncintisana, kodwa futhi kukusiza ukuthi uthuthukise amakhono akho, uvumelane nezimfuno zemakethe, futhi ube uchwepheshe oguquguqukayo futhi oqinile.
Ubani ongafinyelela izifundo zamahhala zama-freelancers futhi zisebenza kanjani?
Izifundo zamahhala zabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo eziphethwe yi-SEPE, i-Fundae, kanye nezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi noma ezizimele ezinezibonelelo zihloselwe abantu abafaka isandla ku-Special Regime for Self-Employed Workers (RETA) noma izinhlelo ezifanayo. Uma uzisebenza futhi unikela kanjalo, unelungelo lokubamba iqhaza kulezi zinhlelo zokuqeqesha.
Enye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwamafomethi : kunezifundo ezenziwa mathupha, ezixubile, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, eziku-inthanethi. Ifomethi eku-inthanethi iyona evame kakhulu, njengoba ivumela abafundi ukuthi bahlanganise ukuqeqeshwa kwabo nemisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke yobungcweti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho mingcele yobudala noma yemboni, yize ezinye izinhlelo zingagxila ezindaweni ezithile kakhulu.
Isakhiwo sesifundo sivame ukuba lula: kunikezwa ikhathalogi ebanzi enezihloko namazinga ahlukene; umfundi ukhetha lezo ezimthakazelisayo, futhi ngemva kokubhalisa, ufinyelela ipulatifomu lapho elandela khona okuqukethwe futhi aqedele izivivinyo noma izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Lapho eseqedile, uthola isitifiketi esisemthethweni sokuphumelela futhi, kuye ngesifundo, ngisho nediploma ekhishwe yizinhlangano ezisemthethweni, ehlala ithuthukisa i-resume yabo yobungcweti.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, ngaphandle kwezimbalwa kakhulu, ukuqeqeshwa okuxhaswe ngabantu abazisebenzayo akuyona into yokwehlisa intela , kodwa kuxhaswe ngokugcwele futhi mahhala kubahlanganyeli, njengoba kuqokonyiswe yi-cursosfemxa.es. Lo mehluko ubalulekile ngoba kusho ukuthi ngeke kudingeke ukhokhe noma yini kusengaphambili noma ukhiphe noma yiziphi izikweletu zentela eminikelweni yakho yezokuphepha komphakathi noma intela.
Yiziphi izihloko zezifundo zamahhala ezifunwa kakhulu ngabazimele?
Uhlu lwezinketho lubanzi kangangokuthi, ngokusho kwedatha eqoqwe ezinkundleni eziyinhloko kanye ne-SEPE (Spanish Public Employment Service) uqobo, okwamanje kunezifundo zamahhala ezingaba ngu-1.500 ezihloselwe abantu abazisebenzayo . Lezi zihlanganisa konke kusukela kumakhono ayisisekelo kosomabhizinisi kuya kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu.
Phakathi kwezindikimba ezidumile kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukumaketha kwedijithali nokukhiqizwa kokuqukethwe: amasu okumisa ku-inthanethi, ukuphathwa kwenkundla yezokuxhumana, amasu okukhangisa, ukudala nokusabalalisa okuqukethwe, ukwenza igeyimu, i-podcasting, njll.
- Ihhovisi elizenzakalelayo nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi: Izifundo ze-Word, Excel, PowerPoint, administration, tax management, accounting, electronic invoicing, kanye nesofthiwe yebhizinisi.
- Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha: ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezicelo ze-multiplatform, izinhlelo zamafu, i-cybersecurity, ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo, i-automation ehlakaniphile, phakathi kokunye.
- Amakhono athambile kanye nentuthuko yomuntu siqu: ukuxhumana, ubuholi, ukuphathwa kweqembu, ukuxazululwa kwezingxabano, izinsiza zabasebenzi, ukuqondisa, njll.
- Ubungcweti bomkhakha: kusukela ezifundweni zomkhakha wezobuciko (idizayini yegeyimu yevidiyo, ukwakheka kwedijithali) ukuya ekuqeqeshweni okukhethekile kwemikhakha efana ne-hospitality, commerce, logistics, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, njll.
Eziningi zalezi zifundo zingasukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha ezithatha amahora afinyelela kwangu-300 , ezivumelaniswe nesivinini somfundi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke zingaqedwa ku-inthanethi, kususwe izithiyo zendawo futhi kwandiswe ukuguquguquka.
Izinkundla eziyinhloko kanye nendlela yokubhalisa ezifundweni zamahhala
Izifundo zamahhala zabazimele zingafinyelelwa ngamaphothali ahlukahlukene. Ngezansi sinikeza imininingwane eyinhloko, izici zazo ezithile, kanye nenqubo yokubhalisa eyisisekelo:
- I-SEPE (Izinsizakalo Zikahulumeni Zokuqashwa Komphakathi): iwumthombo osemthethweni nomaphakathi wayo yonke into ehlobene nokuqeqeshwa okuxhaswe ngabantu abazisebenzayo. Nakuba ulwazi olukuwebhusayithi esemthethweni lungase lungacaci, luxhuma kuzo zonke izingcingo nezinkundla ezihambisanayo (https://www.sepe.es/HomeSepe/es/autonomos/trabajo-por-cuenta-propia-o-autonomo/formacion.html).
- I-Fundae (State Foundation for Employment Training): Kuwebhusayithi ye-Fundae, ungahlunga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwezisebenzi ezizisebenzelayo, ukhethe isihloko, izinga, nendlela yokuziphatha (ku-inthanethi, mathupha). Kuyindlela eqondile kakhulu yokwenza ngokusemthethweni ukubhalisa cishe kuzo zonke izifundo zamahhala.
- Izikhungo ezigunyaziwe nezinkundla ezihambisanayo: izingosi ezifana ne-Coremsa Formación, Femxa noma i-Grupo Euroformac zinikeza injini yokusesha eguquguqukayo futhi zibuyekeze ikhathalogi yazo yezifundo njalo. Zikuvumela ukuthi uhlunge ngokuya ngomkhakha wakho, izintshisekelo ezithile kanye nezinsuku zokuqala.
- Izinsizakalo zokuqashwa kwezifundaImiphakathi eminingi ezimele (ngokwesibonelo, i-Andalusian Employment Service) inikela ngengosi yayo enezifundo eziqondene nombuso zezisebenzi ezizisebenzelayo esifundeni.
Ukuze ubhalise, ngokuvamile udinga nje ukugcwalisa ifomu ngolwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu kanye nolwazi lokuxhumana, ufakazele ukuthi ubhalisiwe njengomuntu ozisebenzayo (i-RETA), bese ukhetha inkambo oyithandayo. Kuvamile ukukwazi ukufaka izicelo zezifundo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi , ikakhulukazi uma ziyingxenye yezinhlelo ezahlukene noma izindlela zokuqeqesha ezihambisanayo.
Amanye amapulatifomu akuvumela ukuthi ubhalisele ukuthola izexwayiso lapho kunikezwa isifundo esisha esifana nephrofayela yakho, njenge-cursossepe.es . Lena indlela enhle yokugwema ukuphuthelwa amathuba nokuhlala unolwazi ngezifundo ezintsha.
Ngenxa yezizathu zokuvikela idatha, ukubhalisa nokuphatha kuvame ukubekwa endaweni eyodwa kumaseva atholakala e-Spain noma e-EU, nazo zonke izivikelo ezingokomthetho.
Izinzuzo zokuthatha izifundo zamahhala njenge-freelancer
Izinzuzo zokubhalisa kulezi zifundo zidlula kakhulu ekutholeni ulwazi. Izimakethe zanamuhla zidinga ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene abanamakhono akamuva. Ngezansi izinzuzo eziyinhloko:
- Ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile kokuncintisana: Izifundo zivame ukugxila kumakhono afunekayo, okuvumela abazimele ukuthi babhekane nezinselele ezintsha futhi basebenzise amathuba emakethe.
- Ukujwayela izinguquko zobuchwepheshe nezimakethe: Ukuqeqeshwa kukulungiselela ukusebenzisa amathuluzi amasha, ukwethula idijithali ebhizinisini lakho, futhi uphendule kangcono ezinguqukweni zemvelo.
- Ukufinyelela kumadiploma asemthethweni: Lapho uqeda izifundo eziningi, uzothola isitifiketi esisemthethweni esisebenza ku-CV yakho futhi sibonise ukuqeqeshwa kwakho kumakhasimende noma abahlanganyeli.
- Azikho izindleko kwabazisebenzayo: Njengoba zixhaswa ngo-100% izinhlangano zomphakathi, ukufinyelela kuqinisekisiwe kungakhathaliseki isimo sakho sezezimali.
- Ukuvumelana nezimo: Okuningi okunikezwayo kuku-inthanethi, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa nemisebenzi yansuku zonke yomuntu ozisebenzayo, futhi izifundo eziningi zingaqalwa ngokushesha noma ngezinsuku eziphindaphindayo.
Uma kuziwa ekuqeqesheni ngokukhethekile ama-freelancers, izinhlelo ziklanywa kucatshangwa ngezidingo zazo zangempela, njengokuphatha isikhathi, ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi, kanye nokubaluleka kokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Izibonelo zezifundo zamahhala ezifakiwe zama-freelancers
Ngokusho kweqoqo lamawebhusayithi abekwe kahle kakhulu ku-Google kanye neminikelo eningiliziwe evela kumapulatifomu afana ne-Fundae, i-SEPE, kanye nama-portal okuqeqesha akhethekile, kunezifundo ezinconywa kakhulu kubantu abazisebenzayo, kokubili ngenxa yosizo lwazo kanye nesidingo sazo:
- Isizukulwane sokuqukethwe kwedijithali okuguqulelwe kuselula, i-gamification, nokudalwa kwe-podcast.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu yevidiyo kanye nedizayini yabadali nezingcweti zezobuchwepheshe.
- Ukumaketha kwedijithali kugxile emabhizinisini amancane nasemasu asebenzayo ama-freelancers.
- Isingeniso esisebenzayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-Artificial Intelligence, ukuhlaziya ubungozi kanye nezitayela.
- Ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele ezindaweni zamafu, kusukela kokuyisisekelo kuya kumasistimu okuphatha athuthukile.
- I-Cybersecurity, ukuphequlula kwe-inthanethi okuphephile, nokuvikelwa kwedatha yebhizinisi.
- Ubuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo kanye ne-automation ehlakaniphile isetshenziswa emabhizinisini amancane.
- Ukuzenzakalela kwehhovisi okuthuthukisiwe nge-Excel, iZwi, i-PowerPoint, namathuluzi enhlangano yebhizinisi.
- Ukuphathwa kokubalwa kwezimali, intela ezimele, ama-invoyisi, nezinsiza zokuphatha.
- Umuzwa womsebenzisi, idizayini yesixhumi esibonakalayo, nokuxhumana okusebenzayo kwedijithali.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezifundo zingashintshwa zibe amazinga ahlukene kanye nezidingo zabantu abazisebenzayo, zinikeze amathuba okwandisa ulwazi kanye nokwenza ngcono ukuncintisana emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Ukhetha kanjani inkambo engcono kakhulu? Izeluleko ezisebenzayo zabasebenzi abazisebenzayo
Ngokuhlukahluka okuningi, ukukhetha inkambo efaneleke kakhulu kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi. Nanka amanye amathiphu awusizo:
- Chaza izinhloso zakho: Thola ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi oluzohlinzeka ngenani elikhulu ebhizinisini lakho ngalesi sikhathi. Ingabe udinga ukuthuthukisa ubukhona bakho bedijithali? Ingabe ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwakho kwezimali noma ukufunda ngobuchwepheshe obusha?
- Hlunga ngemodi kanye nobude besikhathiUma unesikhathi esifushane, khetha izifundo ezimfushane, eziku-inthanethi. Ukuze uthole izinguquko ezijulile, cabanga ngohambo olude noma oluphelele.
- Hlola ukubuyekezwa nezilinganiso: Ukubuyekeza ukubuyekezwa noma okuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abazimele kungakusiza uhlole ikhwalithi yesifundo kanye nokuba usizo kwaso okungokoqobo.
- Sebenzisa izinsiza zamahhala ukuze uxazulule ukungabazaIzinkundla eziningi zinikeza ukwesekwa komuntu siqu ukukuqondisa ekukhetheni kwakho kanye nendlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa.
Khumbula ukuthi ungathatha izifundo zokuqeqesha ezimbalwa unyaka wonke ngezihloko ezahlukene, futhi izinkundla eziningi zivumela izicelo eziningi, inqobo nje uma ungakwazi ukulinganisela ishejuli nokuqukethwe.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqeqeshwa komxhaso nokuqeqeshwa okuxhasiwe?
Umbuzo ojwayelekile phakathi kwabasebenzi abazisebenzayo umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zokuqeqeshwa:
- Ukuqeqeshwa okuxhaswe: exhaswe ngokugcwele ngezimali zomphakathi futhi ehloselwe amaqembu anezidingo ezithile zokuqeqeshwa, njengalabo abazisebenzayo, abangasebenzi, noma abantu abasohlelweni lwe-furlough. Azikho izaphulelo zokukhokha noma zezitolimende ezidingekayo.
- Ukuqeqeshwa kwebhonasi: ngokuyinhloko okuhloswe ngayo ezinkampanini ezinezisebenzi, ezixhaswa ngezaphulelo zeminikelo Yezokuphepha Komphakathi. Abasebenzi abazisebenzayo, ngokuvamile, abakwazi ukufinyelela le nketho ngokuqeqeshwa kwabo siqu.
Ngakho-ke, uma uthola isifundo sikhangiswe njengesixhaso sabasebenzi abazisebenzayo, uyazi ukuthi simahhala futhi asinazo izinkinga zokuphatha.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa namaphutha okufanele uwagweme
Ngaphambi kokuthi ubhalise, kuyasiza ukucacisa imibuzo evamile:
- Ingabe zikhona izindawo ezilinganiselwe? Yebo, nakuba izingcingo zivuselelwa ngezikhathi ezithile, isidingo singaba phezulu. Ukubhalisa kusenesikhathi kukhulisa amathuba akho.
- Ngingakwazi ukubhalisa ezifundweni eziningi? Ngokujwayelekile yebo, inqobo nje uma singekho isikhathi noma ukungahambisani kwesihloko, kuye ngesikhulumi.
- Kwenzekani uma ngingasiqedi isifundo? Asikho isijeziso sezimali, kodwa ungase ulahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwezingcingo ezizayo.
- Ingabe aku-inthanethi kuphela? Iningi liyakwenza, nakuba kunezinketho zomuntu mathupha noma ezixubile kweminye imiphakathi ezimele.
- Ngizothola isiqondiso? Izinkundla eziningi zinikeza ukwesekwa nezeluleko zokukusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ekuqeqeshweni kwakho.
Buyekeza ngokucophelela izidingo namadokhumenti, futhi uma unemibuzo, thintana nenhlangano ephethe isifundo ngokuqondile.
