I-E-commerce eChina iye yavela ngokugxumagxuma kanye nemingcele eminyakeni yamuva nje, yazihlanganisa njenge imakethe enkulu ye-eCommerce emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokumangalisayo, ukukhula okunamandla kakhulu kuye kwaqhutshwa amadolobhana amancane, ebizwa ngezinga lesithathu nelesine. Lezi zindawo, ngokwesiko ezithathwa njengezingathuthukile kangako, zimele insika eyisisekelo ekwandiseni le makethe. Lesi simo, sihambisana nokukhula kobuchwepheshe obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nezinkokhelo zedijithali, sichaza kabusha isimo se-e-commerce saseShayina futhi sidale amathuba amasha ezinkampani zasekhaya nezangaphandle. Ngezansi, sihlola izici ezibalulekile ngemuva kwalesi simo nokuthi ikusasa le-eCommerce e-China lakheka kanjani.
Ukukhula Kwe-eCommerce Emadolobheni Amancane ase-China
Isimo se-e-commerce e-China akubandakanyi nje amadolobha amakhulu anjengeShanghai noma iBeijing, kodwa futhi sifinyelela. amadolobha amancane. Lawa madolobha esigaba sesithathu nesine amele u-50.1% wesamba sesamba sokuthengiswa kwe-eCommerce kazwelonke, iphesenti elidlula lamadolobha esigaba sokuqala nesesibili, anikela ngama-49.9%. Kodwa-ke, ukungena kwezohwebo ku-inthanethi kulawa madolobha kuseyinsakavukela. 62%, iphansi kakhulu kune- 89% kusukela emadolobheni amakhulu. Le datha ibonisa amandla amakhulu okukhula kulezi zindawo.
Abathengi balokhu amadolobha asafufusa Bakhombisa ukuthanda imikhiqizo ebalulekile enenani elihle lemali, ngokungafani namadolobha amakhulu, lapho imikhiqizo yokunethezeka nobuchwepheshe ivame ukubusa. Lokhu kuziphatha kuqhutshwa ngu ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezikhungweni ezinkulu ezibonakalayo, ezikhuthaza amakhasimende ukuthi aphendukele ku-e-commerce njengenye indlela eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapulatifomu afana neTaobao, Tmall kanye nePinduoduo asephenduke amathuluzi abalulekile emindenini kula madolobha.
I-Technological Innovations: Injini Ye-E-Commerce e-China
Ukuvela kwe-eCommerce eChina kuxhumene kakhulu nayo intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yezinguquko. Ngalo mqondo, ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) nedatha enkulu kuvumele izinkundla ezifana ne-Alibaba ne-JD.com ukuthi zenze kube ngokwakho ukuzizwisa kokuthenga ezigidini zamakhasimende. Isibonelo, injini yokuncoma ye-Alibaba isize ukwethula okungaphezu kwalokho 40 million imikhiqizo emisha phakathi nemicimbi efana ne-“Double 11”.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe ubuchwepheshe bokukhokha ngeselula njenge-Alipay ne-WeChat Pay ziguqule indlela abathengi abathenga ngayo. Ngokusho idatha yakamuva, ngaphezu 90% ye-e-commerce transactions e-China yenziwa ngamadivayisi eselula, okuwumkhuba odlula kude ezinye izimakethe njenge-United States, lapho leli phesenti likhona. 43%.
Lezi zinkundla ziphinde zahlola i-gamification kanye nohwebo kwezenhlalo, okwenza inqubo yokuthenga ibe okuhlangenwe nakho okusebenzisanayo nokujabulisayo. Eqinisweni, ukuhwebelana ngokusebenzisa Livestream iguqule indlela imikhiqizo ethulwa ngayo kubathengi. NgoSuku Lwabantu Abangashadile lwango-2020, omunye wabagqugquzeli abadume kakhulu e-China uthengise imikhiqizo ebiza ngaphezu kwalokho 5.300 billion RMB ngokusakaza bukhoma eTaobao.
Izinselelo Namathuba e-eCommerce Ezindaweni Zezinga Lesithathu nelesine
Ngenkathi i amadolobhana amancane zinikeza amandla amakhulu, kodwa futhi ziletha izinselele ezibalulekile. Enye yezinselelo ezigqamayo yi- ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha. Ngokungafani namadolobha amakhulu, lapho ukulethwa kosuku olufanayo noma kosuku olulandelayo kuvame, izifunda ezikude kakhulu zingase zibe nokubambezeleka ngenxa yemikhawulo kunethiwekhi yezokuthutha. Izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezifana ne-Cainiao ne-JD.com zitshala imali eningi ezisombululweni ze-logistics ezintsha ezifana izimoto ezizimele y drones ukuqinisekisa ukudiliva okusheshayo nangempumelelo.
Enye inselele eyinhloko ukuntuleka ukuzethemba kokuqala yabathengi ezisekelweni eziku-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, izixazululo ezinjengohlelo lwe-Alipay escrow, olubamba inkokhelo kuze kube yilapho ikhasimende lithola umkhiqizo, zisize ukunciphisa lokhu kukhathazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphuzu esikweletu somuntu we-Zhima Credit avumela abathengi ukuthi bajabulele izindawo ezifana nokuqashwa kwemikhiqizo nokuthengwa kwezikweletu, okugqugquzela ukwethenjwa okukhulu nokwamukelwa kwe-e-commerce.
Iqhaza Likahulumeni WaseShayina Ekukhuleni Kwe-eCommerce
Uhulumeni waseChina ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile empumelelweni ye-e-commerce ezweni. Kusukela ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda yedijithali ukuya ekwethuleni imithethonqubo evumayo, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zisheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwalo mkhakha. Imizamo efana nethi "Made in China 2025" kanye nokusatshalaliswa okukhulu kobuchwepheshe be-5G kudale indawo evumela ukuthi i-e-commerce iphumelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusekela amaphrojekthi okukhombisa I-Agricultural e-commerce ibe nomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Lezi zinhlelo zikhuthaze ukubamba iqhaza kwabalimi abancane emakethe yedijithali, bakhulise iholo labo futhi banciphise inani labo. ukungalingani kwezomnotho phakathi kwezifunda zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni.
Umthelela we-Alibaba kanye ne-Social E-Commerce
U-Alibaba ube yi- i-catalyst engenakuphikiswa ekuguqulweni kwe-e-commerce eChina. Ngamapulatifomu afana neTaobao ne-Aliexpress, lesi sikhondlakhondla sixhume izigidi zabathengi ngemikhiqizo evela emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ecosystem yayo ihlanganisa izinsizakalo zezezimali ezifana ne-Alipay, izixazululo ze-logistics nge-Cainiao namandla amakhulu wedatha nge-Alibaba Cloud.
Okunye okugqamile ukuhlanganiswa kwe amanethiwekhi omphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-eCommerce. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-WeChat azigcini nje ngokuvumela ukuthenga, kodwa futhi zisebenza njengezinkundla zokuxhumana lapho abasebenzisi bengathola khona imikhiqizo ngokusekelwe kuzincomo ezivela kubangani. Le ndlela ikhulise "ukuhwebelana komphakathi" ukuze kube umkhuba ohamba phambili emakethe yaseShayina.
Ikusasa Le-E-Commerce e-China
Ikusasa le-e-commerce eChina libukeka lithembisa, nezibikezelo ezibonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo eminyakeni ezayo. Ngokusho kukaDeloitte, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokuthengiswa kwezitolo e-China kakade kwenziwa ku-inthanethi, futhi leli phesenti liyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngokwanda kwesigaba esiphakathi. Nge ukukhula kokuncintisana Kuzo zonke izinkundla, amabhizinisi kumele agxile ekuletheni ukuzizwisa komuntu siqu nasekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda yawo ukuze ihlale ifanelekile.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-blockchain nobunye ubuchwepheshe kulindeleke ukuthi izinkokhelo ze-biometric dlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Lezi zindlela ezintsha, ezihambisana nokukhula kokungena kwe-inthanethi yeselula, kuzoqinisa i-China njengohamba phambili emhlabeni kwezentengiselwano nge-inthanethi.
Ukukhula kwe-eCommerce emadolobheni amancane aseShayina akugcinanga nje ngokuguqula indawo yokudayisa yezwe, kodwa kuphinde kwachaza kabusha ukuguquguquka kwezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke. Ngenhlanganisela yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukwesekwa kukahulumeni namasu amasha okumaketha, imakethe yaseShayina ihlezi ihamba phambili futhi igqugquzela izitayela zamazwe ngamazwe kulo mkhakha. Ezinkampanini zakwamanye amazwe, ukuqonda nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo eziguqukayo kumelela ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokusebenzisa imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. ezentengiselwano ze-elektroniki wezwe.