Abantu abaningi babheka amafoni abo cishe bengaqapheli futhi bavula i-Instagram kaningi usuku lonke, baze bathi “bayimilutha.” Kodwa, lapho kuhlaziywa kabanzi, Asihlali sibhekana nokulutheka kwangempela, kodwa kunalokho ngemikhuba egxilile. esikuphindayo cishe ekushayeleni okuzenzakalelayo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izihloko zezindaba, izingxoxo, nezinkulumo-mpikiswano ziye zandisa umbono we- "Ukulutha kwe-Instagram" njengokungathi kuqhathaniswa notshwala noma ukugembulaKodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluningi lwakamuva lwesayensi kanye nemibono yochwepheshe besayensi yezokusebenza kwengqondo nokwelashwa kwengqondo kufaneleka kakhulu ukuthi le nkulumo: kubantu abadala abaningi, inkinga ayikona ukuncika kakhulu kwezifo njengokusebenzisa ngokweqile, okuzenzakalelayo nokungalawulwa kahle.
Umkhuba ngokumelene nokulutha: udwetshwe kuphi umugqa?
Kochwepheshe, Awukwazi ukuhlanganisa umkhuba nokulutheka.nakuba eyokuqala ingase ekugcineni iholele kweyesibili. Umkhuba, empeleni, ukuziphatha esikuphindayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba kunethezekile noma kunomvuzoUkuhlola i-Instagram ngaphambi kokuyolala, ukuvula uhlelo lokusebenza esitimeleni esingaphansi komhlaba noma ngesikhathi sekhofi emsebenzini kuyizinqubo abantu abaningi abaye bazihlanganisa ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke.
Ukulutha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhilela ukweqa kwekhwalithi. Imihlahlandlela yomtholampilo esetshenziswa eYurophu nase-United States—i-World Health Organization’s ICD-11 kanye ne-DSM-5—ibonisa ukuthi, ukukhuluma ngesifo sokulutheka, izici ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo kufanele zibe khona: ukubekezelelana (ngidinga isikhathi esiningi noma ngaphezulu "umthamo"), ukuhoxiswa kwesifo lapho ngingakwazi ukufinyelela, futhi imiphumela emibi ecacile ekuphileni kwansuku zonkeLokhu kuhlanganisa izinkinga zomsebenzi noma zezemfundo, izingxabano zomndeni, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa, noma omunye umonakalo omkhulu.
I-nuance eyinhloko yi- isidingo esingokwengqondo sokusebenzisa i-Instagram ukuze uzizwe ulungileUma ukuhlola izinkundla zokuxhumana embhedeni kuwumkhuba nje wokuzikhulula, ayikho inkinga enkulu. Kodwa lapho ngolunye usuku ngingakwazi ukukwenza futhi kungibangela ukukhathazeka, ukucasuka, ukungakhululeki, noma uhlobo oluthile lobuze, lokho kuziphatha kuye kwayeka ukuba umkhuba olula futhi kusondela iphethini yokulutha.
Ochwepheshe bezokuziphatha nezobuchwepheshe bayakugcizelela lokho Okubizwa ngokuthi ukulutheka kwedijithali akubonwa ngokusemthethweni njengezifo ezithile kula mabhukwana. Okwamanje asikho isigaba esisemthethweni esibizwa ngokuthi “umlutha we-Instagram” noma “ukulutha kwezokuxhumana” ngokujwayelekile, okwenza kube nzima ukudweba umugqa ocacile phakathi kokusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga, nokuphazamiseka kokulutha.
Emisebenzini yomtholampilo, naphezu kwalokhu kuntuleka kokulebula okusemthethweni, Izimo zibhekwa ngezimpawu ezifana kakhulu nalezo zokuluthwa yizidakamizwa.: isidingo esikhulayo sokusebenzisa i-inthanethi, ukucindezeleka lapho ungakwazi ukuxhuma, nokuqhubeka kokuziphatha naphezu kwemiphumela esobala (amabanga ahlulekayo, izingxabano ekhaya, izinkinga zokulala, njll.). Kodwa lezi, okwamanje, izigaba ezingaphansi kwenkulumompikiswano esikhundleni sokuxilonga okuqondile.
Sitshelani isifundo esikhulu sokulutha kwe-Instagram?
Uphenyo nge Abasebenzisi be-Instagram abadala abangu-1.204, eyenziwa e-United States ngu-Ian Anderson (California Institute of Technology, Caltech) kanye noWendy Wood (University of Southern California) futhi yanyatheliswa kujenali. Imibiko yeSayensi, ubeke izibalo kulo mehluko phakathi kwalokho abantu abakukholelwayo nalokho okubonisa ukuziphatha kwabo.
Kwisampula yokuqala kwabanye Abasebenzisi abangu-380 abaneminyaka yobudala emaphakathi engu-44Ababambiqhaza babuzwa ukuthi bazibona beyimilutha engakanani ku-Instagram futhi izimpawu zabo zokusebenzisa umlutha zahlolwa kusetshenziswa izikali ezithile (ezifana nokuzivumelanisa ne-Bergen Instagram Addiction Scale). U-18% uthe okungenani uyavumelana nesitatimende sokuthi umlutha, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-5 ayeqiniseka kakhulu ngakho.
Kodwa-ke, lapho izindlela ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ukukhuluma ngokulutha kokuziphatha zihlaziywa (ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, izifiso ezinamandla, ukuhoxa, ukungakwazi okuphindaphindiwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, nokuphikelela naphezu kwemiphumela emibi), Bangu-2% kuphela abasebenzisi ababonise iphrofayela ehambisana nengozi yangempela yokuluthekaIningi lalabo abazibona “njengabayimilutha” alizange lihlangabezane nezidingo zokwelashwa ezidingekayo.
Ababhali bafingqa abakutholile ngale ndlela elandelayo: iningi labantu abadala, Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Instagram kuqhutshwa imikhuba ezenzakalelayoHhayi ngenxa yokuncika kwe-pathological. Noma, ukukubeka kalula, "uchitha isikhathi esiningi ku-Instagram, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi umlutha."
Lo mehluko phakathi kombono neqiniso ubalulekile. Ngokuzibiza ngokuthi bayimilutha, abantu abaningi bavame ukucabanga ukuthi banayo inkinga engenakuxazululeka, cishe engaphezu kwamandla abolapho empeleni okwenzekayo kufanelana kangcono nephethini yemikhuba ehlanganiswe kakhulu engashintshwa ngamasu okushintsha imikhuba.
Iqhaza labezindaba: ukusuka kumkhuba kuya “ekuluthweni” ezihlokweni
Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi kangaka bethatha ngokweqile umlutha wabo we-Instagram, abacwaningi bahlaziye ukuthi inkundla yezokuxhumana ixoxwa kanjani emaphephandabeni. Babuyekeze izindatshana ezishicilelwe kwabezindaba zase-US phakathi kokuphela kuka-2021 nasekupheleni kuka-2024 futhi bathola Imibhalo engama-4.383 esho inkulumo ethi “umlutha wezokuxhumana”, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-50 kuphela abasebenzisa igama elithi "umkhuba wenkundla yezokuxhumana".
Lokhu kungalingani kuphakamisa lokho Inkulumo yemidiya ivamise ukwethula ukusetshenziswa njalo kwamanethiwekhi omphakathi njengokuluthayo ngokuzenzakalela.Igama elithi “umlutha” livela kaningi, lidala ukuchofozwa okwengeziwe nokusebenzisana, futhi ekugcineni libe ulimi oluvamile ukuchaza ukuziphatha, ngokombono womtholampilo, okungezona ukulutheka.
Engxenyeni yesibili yocwaningo, nge 824 abasebenzisi abengeziwe be-InstagramU-Anderson no-Wood bahlole imiphumela yengqondo yokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yokufaka njengomlutha. Ngokunxenxa ababambiqhaza ukuthi bacabange ngokuziphatha kwabo kulawo magama, kwabonwa umuzwa wehla wokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwe-Instagram nokwanda kwecala, kokubili kuqondiswe kubo futhi maqondana nesicelo ngokwaso.
Ngamanye amazwi, lapho othile etshelwa noma kuphakanyiswa ukuthi indlela yakhe yokusebenzisa i-Instagram “iyalutha”, umuzwa uyanda wokuthi akukho angakwenza ukuwushintshaLokhu kungaphambukisa abantu abaningi ezindleleni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezisuselwe ekuguquleni imikhuba, kubenze bakholwe ukuthi bahlushwa inkinga yomtholampilo eqine kakhulu kunalokho okubonisa idatha.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ababhali bathi Imithombo yezindaba kanye nabakhi benqubomgomo kufanele bakhethe futhi baqonde kangcono uma besebenzisa igama elithi “addiction” Mayelana nenkundla yezokuxhumana, ukugcinela leli gama ezimweni ezihlangabezana nemibandela yomtholampilo ngempela kungasiza ukugwema ukukhuphula ngokuzenzakalelayo umuzwa wokuncika futhi kunciphise ukucindezeleka okungadingekile phakathi kwabasebenzisi.
Esikubonayo ngokubonisana: kusuka kubantu abadala kuya kwabancane
Nakuba ucwaningo luka-Anderson noWood lugxile kubantu abadala base-United States, ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo eSpain baveza ama-nuances abalulekile. Ekubonisaneni ngezengqondo nezengqondo, ziya ngokuya zikhula izehlakalo zokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwezinkundla zokuxhumana ezinganeni nasebancane.lapho kutholakala khona imiphumela engathi sína: ukwehluleka esikoleni, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, izingxabano zomkhaya eziqhubekayo, noma ukuzihlukanisa nabantu.
Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo abangochwepheshe bezidakamizwa nobuchwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi, nakuba izincwadi zokuxilonga zingafaki ngokucacile "ukulutha kwe-Instagram", Yebo, amacala abaluleke kakhulu ngokomtholampilo ayabonakala ezinganeni nasebancane.Abafana namantombazane abangakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo ekilasini, abahlale kuze kuse bephethe omakhalekhukhwini babo, noma abaxabana mihla namalanga nabazali babo ngoba abawabeki phansi amafoni abo ngesikhathi sokudla noma ngesikhathi sokufunda.
Kulezi zimo, sivame ukukhuluma ngakho "izidakamizwa zedijithali" noma "i-dual pathology"Ukuxilongwa kabili kwenzeka lapho umlutha wezidakamizwa (isibonelo, utshwala) uhlangana nokuba umlutha wokuziphatha, njengokusebenzisa inkundla yezokuxhumana okuyimpoqo, noma lapho ukukhathazeka noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe okuyizinkinga. Akuvamile ukuthi iziguli zifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngenxa yokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka, futhi ngemva kophenyo olwengeziwe, kutholakala inkinga eyisisekelo: ukusetshenziswa okungalawuleki kwamapulatifomu afana ne-Instagram.
Esinye isici esikhathaza ochwepheshe yi- ukubekezelela isikhathi sesikriniIntsha edinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ku-inthanethi ukuze ithole umuzwa ofanayo wokuphunyuka noma injabulo, ngisho noma kusho ukulala kancane, ukwenza kabi esikoleni, noma ukuyeka eminye imisebenzi. Lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususa noma ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini kuholela ekucasukeni okukhulu, ukungakhululeki okuphawuliwe, noma ngisho nezimpawu zokuhoxa, inkinga ingase isondele ekuluthweni kunomkhuba.
Noma kunjalo, ochwepheshe bayakugcizelela lokho Lokhu akukhona mayelana nokwenza amademoni ku-Instagram noma inkundla yezokuxhumana ngokujwayelekile.Bafeza imisebenzi emihle yezenhlalo-ukugcina ukuxhumana nabangane nomndeni, ukuthola imiphakathi enomqondo ofanayo, ukufinyelela olwazini-kodwa kubalulekile ukuthi ungawabukeli phansi futhi ufundise inani labantu ngezimpawu eziyisixwayiso: ukulahlekelwa ukulawula, ukungakhululeki lapho unqanyulwa, kanye nokuwohloka kwezindawo ezibalulekile zokuphila kwansuku zonke.
I-Spain ne-Europe: isikhathi esiningi sesikrini, amalebula ambalwa acacile
Ngomongo waseYurophu noweSpanishi, idatha yokusetshenziswa iqinisekisa lokho I-Instagram isizisungule njengenye yezinkundla zokuxhumana ezifanele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasha.Imibiko yakamuva evela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi kanye nezinhlangano zemboni yedijithali ibeka le nkundla njengenye yezindawo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nsuku zonke, yesibili ngemva kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo ezifana ne-WhatsApp.
Kubantu abadala, inani elikhulu lombiko usebenzisa i-Instagram kanye noma izikhathi eziningana ngosukuPhakathi kwentsha kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha abafika eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ubudala, ukusetshenziswa kunamandla kakhulu: bahlola uhlelo lokusebenza izikhathi eziningi usuku lonke futhi bagcine amanethiwekhi amaningana evulekile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izizukulwane ezifana neGeneration Z noma iMillennials azisebenzisi amapulatifomu amaningi kuphela, kodwa futhi Banikela isikhathi esengeziwe usuku ngalunye komunye nomunye wabo, ukuxhumanisa izindaba, amavidiyo amafushane nokuthunyelwe.
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezifana nesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseSpain uNatalia Martín-María zikhomba ukuthi iningi lezifundo ezitholakalayo zokulutha kwe-Instagram zigxile kakhulu. amasampula amadala anesilinganiso sobudala esingaba yiminyaka engamashumi amaneKunjalo, njengoba kunjalo ngomsebenzi ka-Anderson noWood. Lokhu kushiya ngaphandle inani labantu, ngokombono, elingaba sengozini enkulu: intsha esukela eminyakeni eyi-12 (iminyaka lapho, ngokwesilinganiso, ithola khona umakhalekhukhwini wayo wokuqala) ifike eminyakeni engama-30.
Ngokusho kwalo ngoti, Kunganconywa kakhulu ukuphindaphinda lezi zifundo kubafana namantombazane amancane.futhi ucabangele Ubuncane beminyaka yezokuxhumanaLawa ngamaqembu asebenzisa kakhulu i-Instagram futhi ngokuvamile enganakile. Kula maqembu, kuvamile ukuthi isikhathi sishelele ngaphandle kokuqaphela, njengoba bechitha pheqa Ngihlala ngibuka amavidiyo angena ngingawacinganga, futhi ngaphandle kokuma ukuze ngicabange ukuthi lokho okuqukethwe kungithakasela ngempela noma kuhambisana nalokho engifuna ukukwenza ngesikhathi sami.
Khonamanjalo, izifundo ezisekelwa izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-WHO zikhomba lokho Amaphesenti abalulekile ezingane asevele abonisa ukusetshenziswa okuyinkinga kwezikrini namanethiwekhiNakuba kungafinyeleli eqophelweni lokulutheka okusemthethweni, ubunzima bokunqamula, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, izinkinga zokugcina ukunaka emisebenzini ye-analog, kanye nokuthambekela kokubeka phambili impilo yedijithali phezu kobudlelwane bobuso nobuso, obuzuzisa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwabo, kuyabonwa.
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso: ukhathazeke nini ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Instagram
Abacwaningi kanye nodokotela bayavumelana ngamaphuzu amaningana uma kukhulunywa ukuhlonza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Instagram kungase kuguquke nini kusuka kumkhuba ojulile kuya kokuthile okubucayi kakhuluIzimpawu eziyisixwayiso zihlanganisa:
- Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula kwangempela ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa: ukungena "isikhashana" futhi uthole ukuthi amahora adlulile ngaphandle kokuhlela.
- Ukungakhululeki, ukukhathazeka, noma ukucasuka lapho ukufinyelela kungenzeki kuhlelo lokusebenza, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi alukho uxhumano, ngoba umakhalekhukhwini uphelelwe ibhethri noma ngoba othile ubeke umkhawulo.
- Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo naphezu kwemiphumela ecacile: ukufeyila amamaki, ukwehla kokusebenza komsebenzi, izingxabano zomndeni eziqhubekayo ngenxa yomakhalekhukhwini, ukuntula ubuthongo, noma ukunganakwa kweminye imithwalo yemfanelo.
- Ukwehluleka okuphindaphindiwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswangomuzwa "wokungakwazi" ukuyeka ukubuka ku-Instagram noma ngabe ufuna.
Uma ukuziphatha kungabonisi lezi zici, Idatha iphakamisa ukuthi lokhu akuwona umlutha weqiniso womtholampilo.kodwa kunalokho ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile okusekelwe imikhuba. Lokho akusho ukuthi ngeke kube yingozi—ukulahlekelwa ubuthongo noma amathuba okungcebeleka kwangempela nakho kuyingozi—kodwa kusho ukuthi amasu okubhekana nawo azohluka kulawo asetshenziswa ezinkingeni zokulutha ezisunguliwe.
Ku-psychology ngokuvamile kubhekwa kanjalo Ukuziphatha kuba yinkinga uma kubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu noma kuphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwansuku zonke.Umsebenzi, izifundo, ubudlelwano, umndeni. Ukusuka lapho, kunengqondo ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe, ubuyekeze izinqubo, futhi uhlole ukuthi ingabe sibhekene nomkhuba oyingozi noma okuthile okuseduze nesifo sokulutheka sokuziphatha.
Ongoti nabo bayakuveza lokho Ukuqwashisa ngenkinga akufiki ngesikhathi.Ekuluthweni kwezidakamizwa zendabuko, abanye abantu kuthatha iminyaka ukubona ukuthi banenkinga. Emkhakheni wedijithali, isimo sezwe sisashintsha: ukuvumelana okuqinile akukho, futhi abasebenzisi abaningi bayanyakaza phakathi kokululaza udaba ("akuyona into enkulu, wonke umuntu uyayenza") nokuyenza idrama ("Ngilutheka ngoba ngihlale ngibheka i-Instagram").
Ngakho-ke, ingxenye eyinhloko yendlela yokwenza ihilela Ukufundisa ngokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwamanethiwekhi kanye nokuhlonza izimpawu zobungoziukugwema kokubili ukwethuka okungathetheleleki kanye nesimo sengqondo sokuthi "akukho okwenzekayo lapha" okungabambezela ukungenelela okudingekayo.
Ungawuguqula kanjani umkhuba omubi we-Instagram ube into ephathekayo
Omunye wemiphumela esebenzayo yocwaningo luka-Anderson noWood ukuthi, uma umsuka wenkinga kubantu abadala abaningi kuwumkhuba, Amathuluzi awusizo kakhulu akuwona lawo asetshenziselwa ukwelapha imilutha yakudala.kodwa kunalokho lezo ezihlobene nokushintsha izinqubo. Esikhundleni sokugxila ekuzimiseleni kuphela, ababhali batusa ukusebenza endaweni ezungezile kanye nezibangeli ezisiholela ekuvuleni uhlelo lokusebenza cishe ngaphandle kokucabanga.
Phakathi kwamaqhinga ahlongozwayo kukhona Yehlisa noma vala izaziso Ukuze umise ifoni yakho ekubeni ihlale ifuna ukunakwa, shiya idivayisi ingabonakali ngezikhathi ezithile (njengokudla, ukufunda, noma ebusuku), noma uze uhlele kabusha isikrini sakho sasekhaya ukuze i-Instagram kungabi isithonjana sokuqala esivela lapho usivula.
Elinye isu lihilela Miselela esinye sesikhathi sakho se-Instagram wenze ezinye izinto ephinde inikeze umklomelo, noma ngabe kungolunye uhlelo lokusebenza olunenjongo echaziwe (ukufunda, ukufunda, ukuvivinya umzimba okuqondisiwe) noma, okungcono nakakhulu, imisebenzi yomzimba neyomphakathi kude nesikrini. Umgomo akukhona ukwenza i-inthanethi idemoni, kodwa ukuyivimbela ekubeni inketho ezenzakalelayo noma nini lapho sinesikhathi esiyisipele.
Ababhali bocwaningo baveza ukuthi, lapho abasebenzisi bekuqonda lokho Ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngokweqile kuwumphumela wemikhuba hhayi ukulutheka okungaguquki.Lokhu kwandisa umuzwa wabo wokukwazi ukusebenza kahle: bazizwa bekwazi ukwenza izinguquko kancane kancane futhi bathole ukulawula kabusha. Ukuyeka ukukubiza ngokuthi “ukulutheka” ezimeni lapho kungenjalo akuyinciphisi inkinga; kunalokho, kuvumela indlela engokoqobo nephumelelayo.
Ezimweni ezimbalwa lapho kunephethini ecacile yokulutha—nokuhoxa, ukubekezelela, kanye nokulimala okukhulu—ochwepheshe batusa funa usizo olukhethekile lochwephesheKulezi zimo, ukungenelela okunamandla kungase kudingeke, kungabhekiseli kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi kodwa futhi nokukhathazeka noma ukungakhululeki okuvela lapho uzama ukunqamula, ngokuvamile okuxhunyaniswa nezinye izinkinga ezingaphansi.
Ucwaningo oluzungeze lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukulutha kwe-Instagram" lulonke, esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho okushiwo yizihloko ezinkulu: Abantu abadala abaningi abazizwa beluthekile babonisa ngokuyinhloko imikhuba ezenzakalelayo eqinile, elungisekayo ngamasu okushintsha ukuziphatha.Nakuba idlanzana libonisa izimpawu eziseduze nokulutheka futhi lidinga ukunakwa okuqondile; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhathazeka kukhula mayelana nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile phakathi kwentsha kanye nentsha eSpain naseYurophu, iqembu lapho kucelwe khona izifundo ezengeziwe namathuluzi okufundisa angcono, ukuze kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile lapho umakhalekhukhwini ungomunye umkhuba futhi lapho sekuyisidingo esiqala ukuthatha umonakalo.