Ukwanda kwezikhungo zedatha eLatin America sekuyinto eyinhloko ebangela igagasi elisha lokutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe esifundeni. Ukwanda kwethrafikhi yedatha, ukuqaliswa kwamanethiwekhi e-5G, kanye nokwanda kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kukhulisa isidingo sengqalasizinda yekhompyutha enamandla kakhulu, kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwebhizinisi kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu.
Kulesi simo, iBrazil ivela njengelabhorethri enkulu yesifunda , igxila izimemezelo zamaphrojekthi e-supercomputing, izikhungo zedatha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izikhungo ezinkulu ze-AI, kanye nezinhlelo ezithile zokulawula ukuhlela nokuqinisa le ndawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanye amazwe aseLatin America nawo athola imali yezikhungo ezintsha, okuqinisa indima yesifunda njengesikhungo sokucubungula idatha kanye nendawo ebalulekile yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe.
IBrazil, indawo eyinhloko yesifunda yomjikelezo omusha wokutshalwa kwezimali ezikhungweni zedatha
Isidingo samandla okucubungula yisona sizathu esibangela uchungechunge lwezimemezelo zakamuva emakethe yaseBrazil. Ukukhula kokusetshenziswa kwedatha, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisekelwe ku-AI, kanye nokwanda kokwenziwa kwedijithali kwemboni kuphoqa izinkampani kanye nohulumeni bomphakathi ukuthi baqinise ingqalasizinda yabo ye-IT ngezikhungo zedatha eziqinile nezisebenza kahle eziseduze nabasebenzisi.
Esifundazweni saseSão Paulo, umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi ye-fiber optic i-Nicnet uqinisekise ukuvulwa kwezikhungo zedatha ezimbili eziklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesevisi kumakhasimende ayo. Lezi zikhungo, umqhubi ahlela ukuziqalisa ngoFebhuwari, zihlose isitifiketi se-Tier III, indinganiso eqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu okutholakala nokuqina, okuyisihluthulelo sokusekela izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu.
Eduze kakhulu, uMnyango Wezesayensi, Ubuchwepheshe Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha waseBrazil, kanye neNational Institute for Space Research, uvule i-Jaci supercomputer, uhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu oluhloselwe ukuqapha imvelo kanye nokubikezela isimo sezulu. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwezixwayiso zesimo sezulu kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo, le nkundla iyingxenye yohlelo olubanzi lokuthuthukisa isikhungo sedatha salesi sikhungo, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuhleliwe okungaba yizigidi ezingama-200 zama-reais kuma-supercomputer amasha, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kagesi, izinhlelo zokupholisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nesitshalo saso se-photovoltaic.
Ingxenye yamandla iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinhlelo. Ukuzibophezela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo, kuhlanganiswe nezixazululo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe, kuhlose ukunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni ngesikhathi esifanayo kulawula izindleko zokusebenza esimweni sokucindezeleka okukhulu kumagridi kagesi asemadolobheni.
Enkabeni yesifundazwe, eCampinas, i-TIP Brasil—umqhubi wenethiwekhi yeselula kanye nomhlinzeki we-broadband ngobuningi—imemezele ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaba yizigidi ezingama-500 zama-reais ukuze ithole futhi yandise isikhungo sayo sedatha esisanda kuvulwa. Ukuphathwa kwale ngqalasizinda kuzophathwa yiTropical, iyunithi eyadalelwa ukunikeza izinsizakalo zokufaka ama-colocation kanye namafu. Umgomo ukufinyelela indawo yokusebenza engaba ngu-20.000 m² kanye nomthamo wama-rack afinyelela ku-2.000 ngo-2030, ngezinhloso eziphakathi zama-rack angu-500 kanye nokuzakhela amandla ngo-2026, kanye nokufuna isitifiketi seZinga lesi-3.
Isikhungo sedatha seTikTok eBrazil: ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nokugxila ekusimeni
Enye yamaphrojekthi ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu asanda kumenyezelwa yisikhungo sedatha sokuqala seTikTok eLatin America , esizokwakhiwa eBrazil. Le pulatifomu imemezele ukutshalwa kwezimali kweminyaka eminingi, okuzothi kuze kube ngu-2035, kwabelwe ingxenye enkulu yenhloko-dolobha yayo ekuthengeni imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo, ngenhloso yokusungula isikhungo esinobuhlakani sokusebenzela abasebenzisi esifundeni.
Ingqalasizinda izokwakhiwa ePecém Complex, esifundazweni saseCeará, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi isebenze ngo-2027. Ngokusho kwemininingwane ekhishwe, iphrojekthi izohlanganisa izinhlelo zokupholisa ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi ngohlelo oluvaliwe , kanye nokuhlinzekwa kukagesi okusekelwe ngokuphelele emithonjeni evuselelekayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuhlose ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo, isici esihlolisiswa kakhulu ngabalawuli, imiphakathi yendawo, kanye nabatshalizimali bezikhungo.
Le nkampani igcizelele ukuthi lesi sikhungo sedatha sihlose ukuqinisa umnikelo waso ohlelweni lwedijithali lwaseBrazil ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukudalwa kwemisebenzi, kanye nemikhuba esimeme . Esigabeni sayo sokuqala, sizosebenzisana ne-Omnia—umqhubi wesikhungo sedatha weqembu le-Pátria Investimentos—kanye nomhlinzeki wezixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo kazwelonke i-Casa dos Ventos, inhlangano eqokomisa ukubaluleka kwabalingani bendawo kumaphrojekthi angaka.
Ngokombono wezenhlalo nezomnotho, lesi simemezelo sihlanganisa ukudalwa kwemisebenzi engaphezu kuka-4.000, yesikhashana neyohlala njalo. Uhulumeni waseCeará kanye nabaholi bamabhizinisi endawo babona lesi sikhungo sedatha njengesisusa sokuhlanganisa isifunda saseNyakatho-mpumalanga njengesikhungo sobuchwepheshe , esinomthelela omkhulu eketangeni lokuhlinzeka, umkhakha wokwakha okhethekile, kanye nezinsizakalo zobunjiniyela.
Kodwa-ke, le phrojekthi iphinde yavusa impikiswano yomphakathi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhleliwe kwezinsiza zemvelo . Imibiko yendawo ikhombisa ukuthi imvume yokusebenzisa amanzi enikezwe yiziphathimandla inkulu kakhulu kunenani elilethwe yinkampani ekuqaleni, endaweni ebilokhu ibhekene nesomiso njalo emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Le mpikiswano ibonisa izinga lapho ukusimama kwemvelo kube yinto ebalulekile lapho kuhlolwa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ezikhungweni zedatha.
Uhlaka lokulawula, amandla kanye nokusimama: izinselele ezinkulu zomkhakha
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokutshalwa kwezimali ezikhungweni zedatha uqhuba iBrazil ukuthi ithuthukise uhlaka oluthile lokulawula lomkhakha . Izwe lisebenza ngenqubomgomo yesikhungo sedatha sikazwelonke kanye nohlelo lwentela olukhethekile (i-REDATA) oluhlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuqiniseka kwamaphrojekthi esikhathi eside kanye nokwenza kube lula ukufakwa kwengqalasizinda entsha, ngokuhambisana nesu layo lokuvikela idatha (i-LGPD) kanye nokucindezela kwayo ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Le ndlela yokulawula ihlangana nezinselele ezihlobene nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, ubukhosi bedijithali, kanye nokuqina kwezokuxhumana . Iziphathimandla zifuna ukulinganisela ukuheha ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu nokuvikela ulwazi lwezakhamuzi namabhizinisi, kuyilapho zizama nokuvimbela ukuqoqwa kwengqalasizinda ebalulekile ekudaleni ubuthakathaka obusha ohlelweni lukagesi noma uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi.
Inkinga yamandla ibucayi kakhulu. IBrazil ibhekane nokucima kukagesi okukhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje , okubangelwe yizimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu kanye nezinkinga ngenethiwekhi yokusabalalisa. Lezi zigameko zibeke izinkampani zikagesi ngaphansi kokuhlolwa futhi zavuselela impikiswano mayelana nekhono lohlelo lokumunca ukukhula ngasikhathi sinye kwesidingo sezindawo zokuhlala, zezimboni, kanye nezikhungo ezinkulu zedatha.
Amaphrojekthi aqhubekayo azama ukulindela lesi simo ngokusebenzisa izixazululo zokuzikhiqizela, ukuthengwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe ekupholiseni izikhungo zedatha kanye nezinhlelo zokusatshalaliswa kukagesi zangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, kusazobonakala ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zizokwanela yini endaweni ephawulwe ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwe-AI kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kakhulu ngokwezibalo.
Ezingeni lezenhlalo, ukukhathazeka nakho kuvezwa maqondana nokusetshenziswa komhlaba kanye nomthelela emiphakathini yendawo . Isidingo sezindawo ezinkulu, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda entsha kungangqubuzana nezinye izindlela zokusetshenziswa komhlaba noma nezimangalo zomlando ezivela emaqenjini ahlala kulezi zindawo, okuphoqa izinkampani ukuthi zisebenzise amasu okuxoxisana ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nesinxephezelo.
Ukwandiswa kwezikhungo zedatha zesifunda kanye nendima yokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe
Ngaphandle kweBrazil, amazwe amaningana aseLatin America abhekene nokukhula okuqhubekayo ekufakweni kwezikhungo ezintsha zedatha , okuqhutshwa ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwezimboni, izinsizakalo zezezimali, ezokuhweba nge-inthanethi, kanye namapulatifomu okuqukethwe. Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha enkulu sekuyingxenye yemisebenzi yansuku zonke yemikhakha efana nokukhiqiza, amandla, ezokuthutha, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi, okuphakamisa izinga lezidingo zengqalasizinda.
Izilinganiso zemakethe zibonisa ukuthi ibhizinisi lesikhungo sedatha eLatin America selivele libiza ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15.000 futhi lingaphindeka kabili eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, lisekelwa amazinga okukhula konyaka angaba ngu-8%. Lokhu kukhula kukhuthazwa amaphrojekthi avela ezinkampanini ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nabaqhubi besifunda abangochwepheshe bezixazululo ze-colocation , cloud, kanye ne-edge computing.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi sifunda sibhekene nomjikelezo omusha wokutshalwa kwezimali ngqo kwamanye amazwe okugxile engqalasizinda ebalulekile . Okunye kwalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuqondiswe ezimayini kanye nezinsizakusebenza zemvelo, kodwa iphesenti elikhulayo liqondiswa ezikhungweni zedatha, amanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana, kanye nezixazululo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela kwezimboni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo atholakalayo, abasebenzi abanamakhono, kanye nokwanda kwezimakethe zasekhaya kusebenza njengesici esikhangayo samaphrojekthi amasha.
Kulesi simo, izikhungo zedatha sezibe yingqalasizinda ebalulekile yokuguqulwa kwedijithali kweLatin America. Kusukela ekusekeleni izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ezithuthukisiwe kuya ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zamafu zamabhizinisi kanye nokuphathwa komphakathi, lezi zikhungo sezibe yimbangela yokuncintisana komnotho wesifunda kanye namandla okusungula izinto ezintsha.
Indlela eyakhiwa emazweni afana neBrazil ibeka iphethini efanelekile naseYurophu, ikakhulukazi, naseSpain: isidingo sokuhlanganisa izikhuthazo zokutshalwa kwezimali, ukuqiniseka kwezomthetho, amandla ahlanzekile kanye nengxoxo yezenhlalo uma sifuna ukuheha nokugcina amaphrojekthi amakhulu esikhungo sedatha esimweni somhlaba wonke esincintisanayo.
Zonke izinkomba zisikisela ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali ezikhungweni zedatha eLatin America kuzoqhubeka nokukhula eminyakeni ezayo, kuqhutshwa kokubili ingcindezi yobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwedijithali komnotho. Inselelo kohulumeni namabhizinisi kuzoba ukuhlanganisa lokhu kukhula ngamagridi kagesi aqinile, imithetho ecacile, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunesibopho, kanye nokubamba iqhaza okukhulu okuvela emiphakathini yasendaweni, ukuze indawo entsha yengqalasizinda yedijithali ifake isandla entuthukweni elinganiselayo, eqinile, neqhubekayo kulo lonke isifunda.
