Ubugebengu be-inthanethi obuhlobene nokushintshana nge-SIM akuseyona inkinga ebhekene namabhange kuphela. Isinqumo sakamuva eSpain siphinde sagxila kubasebenzi bezingcingo, njengoba izinkantolo manje zifuna izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphepha kubo uma izinqubo zabo zenza kube lula ukukhwabanisa ngezezimali.
Esimweni lapho izimali zomuntu siqu ziphathwa cishe ngokuphelele ngocingo oluphathwayo , isinqumo seNkantolo Yokuqala Inombolo 44 yaseMadrid sisebenza njengesixwayiso esicacile: uma ukuphatheka kalula noma ikhadi le-SIM eliphindwe kabili licutshungulwa ngaphandle kokulawula okwanele futhi lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ama-akhawunti asebhange akhishwe, inkampani yocingo ingagcina ikhokhe ibhili kanye nebhange.
Okwenzekile ecaleni laseMadrid: ukuphatheka kwezinombolo mbumbulu kanye nokwebiwa kwama-euro angaphezu kuka-4.000
Icala elihlolwa yinkantolo yaseMadrid liqala ngokudluliselwa kwenombolo yokukhwabanisa kusuka ku-Movistar kuya ku-Lowi (uphawu lwe-Vodafone) umnikazi womugqa angazange akucele. Umuntu wesithathu ukwazile ukuthola ikhadi le-SIM eliphindwe kabili eqenjini elithintekile futhi lasebenza kumugqa omusha egameni labo, ngaphandle kokuthi umuntu aqinisekise ngokuthembekile ukuthi bangobani.
Njengoba ucingo selungaphansi kolawulo lwezigebengu, bakwazile ukuthola imiyalezo ye-SMS namakhodi okuqinisekisa adingekayo ukuze bafinyelele ebhange le-inthanethi le-WiZink. Bashintshe iziqinisekiso zokungena, bacela amaphasiwedi amasha, futhi benza ukuthengiselana okuningana besebenzisa amakhadi amabili esikweletu axhunywe kumakhasimende.
Sekukonke, ukuthengiselana okungagunyaziwe okufika ku-€4.047,91 kukhokhiswe ngokusebenzisa ukuthengiselana okuthathu okuhlukene. Ikhasimende lalihamba phesheya ngesikhathi kwenzeka lesi sigameko ngakho-ke lalingenalo ngisho nokufinyelela ku-line yalo yocingo yokuqala, eyayithathwe ngabakhohlisi.
Uhlangothi oluthintekile luthole ukuthengiselana okungagunyaziwe kwamanye ama-akhawunti futhi lwazisa amaphoyisa kanye nezinhlangano ezihilelekile ( ukubuyiswa kwemali ). I-WiZink yaqale yabuyisela imali ezinkokhelweni, kodwa kamuva yazibuyisela, ithi kwakuyinkohliso yomuntu wesithathu kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuzidela.
Ukuphendula lesi simo, i-Association of Financial Users (Asufin) yathatha ukuzivikela komthengi futhi yamangalela i-WiZink kanye ne-Vodafone-Lowi, ithi ukukhwabanisa kwenzeke ngenxa yamaphutha amakhulu okuphepha ekuthwaleni izinombolo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokukhokha . Ekugcineni ijaji lakhipha isinqumo esivuna bona kuzo zonke izinto.
Kungani izinkantolo zikhomba ngomunwe kubasebenzi: ukuhlolwa kobunikazi "okuyekethisayo ngempela"
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu kulesi sinqumo ukuthi inkantolo igxeka ngamandla izinqubo zikaLowi. Lesi sinqumo sibheka ukuthi sifanekisela ukuthi inkampani ayizange idinge ukuhlonza okusebenzayo lapho icubungula ukuphatheka kwenombolo noma lapho ithumela i-SIM card esikhundleni sayo , ngale kokunikeza ikheli leposi lapho ikhadi kufanele lithunyelwe khona—inkinga ehlobene nokwehluleka kokuqinisekiswa komqhubi.
Ijaji lichaze lezi zimfuneko “njengezikhululekile ngempela” uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinkampani zokuxhumana futhi lagcizelela ukuthi, empeleni, noma ubani angathola ikhadi elisha le-SIM ekhelini elinikeziwe , ngaphandle kokufakaza ukuthi ungumnikazi we-akhawunti. Inkantolo ibheke lokhu “njengephutha elikhulu lokuphepha” ngesikhathi lapho omakhalekhukhwini beyisihluthulelo sokufinyelela ebhange eliku-inthanethi.
Impikiswano iphinde iveze ukuthi iVodafone inomlando wezijeziso zokwebiwa kobunikazi kanye nokukopishwa kwekhadi le-SIM ngokukhwabanisa . I-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) isivele ihlawulise inkampani ama-euro ayizigidi ezine ngokuvumela ukukhishwa kwekhadi le-SIM ngamagama abantu besithathu, okwaholela ekukhwabanisa okuhlukahlukene kwebhange.
Kuleli cala elisha, inkantolo iyaqonda ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kobudedengu bomqhubi kanye nempumelelo yokukhwabanisa . Ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuthwala inombolo ingaphathwa ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso, ijaji licabanga, bekungeke kwenzeke ukulawula ulayini, ukubamba amakhodi e-SMS, noma ukufinyelela ebhange le-inthanethi lekhasimende.
Lesi sinqumo siphinde siphawule ukuthi, naphezu kokwazi iminyaka eminingi ngokwanda kokushintshana kwe-SIM , akukathathwa zinyathelo ezanele zokuvikela inqubo yokuthwala kanye nokukhishwa kwama-SIM aphindwe kabili, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlolwa kokuziphatha komqhubi.
Umthwalo wemfanelo we-WiZink: ukwehluleka ekuqinisekisweni okuqinile kokukhokha
Ibhange nalo alihambi kahle. Inkantolo ibheka ukuthi i-WiZink yehlulekile ukuhambisana nezidingo eziqinile zokuqinisekiswa kwamakhasimende , igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqinisekiswa kwe-selfie . Imithethonqubo yezinsizakalo zokukhokha e-European Union idinga ukuhlanganisa izakhi eziningana zokuphepha ezizimele (ulwazi, ukuba ne-biometrics, isibonelo).
Ngokukhethekile, lesi sinqumo siqokomisa ukuthi ibhange lehlulekile ukubona ukuthi isici "sokuba nempahla" sasibekiwe engcupheni : ukuthengiselana okuqinisekisayo kwakungasekho ezandleni zomnikazi osemthethweni, kodwa kunalokho kwakungumkhohlisi owayekopishe ikhadi le-SIM. Naphezu kwalokhu, uhlelo luvumele izinguquko zephasiwedi kanye nokuthengiselana ukuthi kwenziwe ngaphandle kokudala noma yiziphi izexwayiso ezisebenzayo.
Lesi sinqumo siphinde sidonsele ukunaka endleleni okulula ngayo ukuguqulwa kweziqinisekiso kusetshenziswa idatha efana nekhadi le-ID lomuntu othintekile, into ehlanganiswe nokuthathwa kwenombolo yeselula, evule indlela ekhululekile cishe yezigebengu ze-inthanethi.
Ngokombono wenkantolo, i-WiZink yehlulekile ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuthengiselana kwenziwe ngezinga elifanele lokuphepha, futhi ayizange inikeze amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe adingekayo mayelana nezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa, amadivayisi asetshenzisiwe, noma amalogi okufinyelela angaphakathi. Lokhu kuntuleka kobufakazi kuyabaphikisa.
Ijaji linqume ukuthi kokubili ukuthwaleka kwenombolo okungavikelekile kanye nokuntuleka kwezilawuli zokukhokha eziqinile kwakuyizinto ezibangela umonakalo , ngakho-ke, kwakungafanele ukwabela icala. Zombili izinhlangano kumele zibhekane necala ngokuhlanganyela ngomonakalo obangelwe yikhasimende.
Ukulahlwa okuhlangene: amabhange kanye nezinkampani zokuxhumana, kusemkhunjini ofanayo mayelana nokushintshana nge-SIM
Isinqumo seNkantolo Yokuqala No. 44 yaseMadrid asigcini nje ngokuyalela ukubuyiselwa kwemali ekhohlisiwe. Sithi i- WiZink ne-Vodafone-Lowi banesibopho ngokubambisana nangokwahlukana ngalobo bugebengu, okusho ukuthi noma iyiphi inkampani ingaphoqeleka ukukhokha inani eliphelele, kanye nenzalo esemthethweni nezindleko, bese ifaka isimangalo sangaphakathi kwenye uma ibona kufanelekile.
Lesi sinqumo sigcizelela ukuthi “ ngaphandle kokuthwala bekungeke kube khona ukufinyelela ku-WiZink, futhi ngaphandle kokwephulwa kwenkontileka ye-WiZink, lezi zinhlinzeko bezingeke zenziwe.” Ngamanye amazwi, zombili izenzo zokunganaki zazibalulekile ukuze ukukhwabanisa kwenziwe.
Ku-Asufin, lesi sici sibalulekile ngoba siyahlukana nomqondo wokuthi amabhange kuphela okufanele athwale imithwalo yezomthetho yokukhwabanisa kwedijithali. Le nhlangano ibilokhu iphikisana ngokuthi, ohlelweni lwezezimali olusebenzisa idijithali ngokugcwele, bonke abaxhumanisi bezobuchwepheshe ababandakanyeka ochungechungeni lokukhokha kumele babelane ngesibopho lapho izenzo zabo zivula umnyango wobugebengu.
Lesi sinqumo siphinde sigqamise ukuziphatha kwecala elithintekile: inkantolo iyaqonda ukuthi iklayenti lenze ngokukhuthala, alizange libe budedengu ngemininingwane yalo , futhi labika ngokukhwabanisa ngokushesha nje lapho lithola noma yiziphi izimpawu, okususa noma yikuphi ukuzama ukumthwesa icala.
Nakuba lesi sinqumo singadluliselwa phambili zingakapheli izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili, ukubaluleka kwaso okungokomfanekiso kusobala: sibeka isibonelo esifanele ekulweni nokushintshana kwe-SIM eSpain futhi sithumela umlayezo ocacile kumabhange nakubasebenzi bezokuxhumana mayelana nesibopho sokuqinisa izinhlelo zabo.
Inkinga ekhulayo: I-Digi, i-Orange kanye ne-O2 bahlawuliswe ngokwehluleka okufanayo
Icala le-WiZink ne-Vodafone-Lowi aliyona into eyenzeka yodwa. Kanye nalesi sinqumo, i-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ibilokhu iqoqa umlando wezijeziso ezibhekiswe ezinkampanini eziningana zezokuxhumana ngenxa yokuntuleka okukhulu ezinqubweni zazo zokuqinisekisa ubuwena kanye nokuphathwa kwezicelo zokukhwabanisa zokuthwala izinombolo.
Phakathi kwezinqumo zakamuva kukhona inhlawulo engu-€200.000 ekhokhiswe i-Digi ngecala lokushintshana nge-SIM lapho umuntu wesithathu ethole ikhadi le-SIM eliphindwe kabili ngaphandle kokuthi inkampani iqinisekise kahle ukuthi ungubani umfakisicelo. Uhlelo lwalufana kakhulu: ngomugqa obhalisiwe egameni labo, umenzi wobubi wayekwazi ukufinyelela ebhange eliku-inthanethi lesisulu futhi asebenzise uhlelo esikhundleni salo.
Le nhlawulo ingaphezu kwesinye isijeziso sika-€150.000 esinikezwe umqhubi ofanayo ngokwephula okukhulu uMthethonqubo Wokuvikelwa Kwedatha Ojwayelekile. Kuleso simo, kwabhaliswa inkontileka yokukhwabanisa, futhi kamuva, umuntu othintekile wafakwa ngokungafanele kudathabheyisi yokuqoqwa kwezikweletu zesikweletu angakaze asithole.
U-Orange naye ubelokhu ehlolisiswa. INkantolo Kazwelonke iqinisekisile ukuthi inkampani yephule imithetho yokuvikela idatha ngokukhipha amakhadi e-SIM aphindwe kabili ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa kahle ukuthi ungubani umfakisicelo ezigamekweni ezenzeke phakathi kuka-2019 no-2020. Nakuba i-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ekuqaleni yabeka inhlawulo engu-€700.000, inkantolo yanciphisa yaba ngu-€300.000 ngenxa yesenzo esisheshayo senkampani, esasihlanganisa ukususa ama-kiosk okuzisebenzela kanye nokuqinisa izinqubo zayo zokusebenzisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-O2 ibhalise icala lokuqala lokushintshana kwe-eSIM okutholwe yi-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ngo-2023. Kulesi sigameko, abahlaseli bashintshe ikheli le-imeyili lokuxhumana lekhasimende futhi bacela ikhophi ebonakalayo yomugqa. Njengoba kwakuyi-eSIM, ukusebenza kwenziwa kude, ngaphandle kwesidingo sekhadi elibonakalayo, besebenzisa izinqubo zokuqinisekisa ezibuthakathaka ukuze bathole ukulawula okuphelele kwenombolo, kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlobene nayo.
Impendulo yesikhungo: kusukela kwi-Good Practices Forum kuya eqenjini elilwa nokukhwabanisa
Uchungechunge lwemikhonyovu kanye nezijeziso ekugcineni kubeke ukushintshana kwe-SIM endaweni yezepolitiki kanye neyokulawula . I-Asufin, eyise amacala amaningi alawa enkantolo, iyingxenye yeForum for Good Financial Practices eyasungulwa uMnyango Wezomnotho, Ezohwebo kanye Nebhizinisi ngo-2022.
Kusukela kule nkundla, inhlangano ibilokhu icindezela ukuthi ukukhwabanisa kwezezimali kubhekwe njengenye yezinkinga eziphuthumayo kakhulu kubathengi kanye nezinyathelo ezihlanganisiwe neziphathimandla ezintsha zentela . Umgomo uwukuba amabhange, izinkampani zezokuxhumana, kanye neziphathimandla zihlanganise izinyathelo eziqondile, zombili zokuvimbela kanye nezinxephezelo zezisulu.
Ngemva kweseshini yokugcina yale nkundla, ebibanjwe ngoDisemba 10, uNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho, uCarlos Cuerpo, umemezele ukwethulwa kweyunithi yokulwa nokukhwabanisa egxile ebugebengwini bezezimali bedijithali . Le yunithi izoba nokuhlanganyela okuqondile komkhakha wezokuxhumana, evuma ukuthi inkinga ayisakwazi ukuxazululwa kuphela ngokombono webhange.
Isinqumo senkantolo yaseMadrid sifanelana kahle naleli qhinga: siqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukuphepha kwedatha nokuxhumana kuyisibopho esisemthethweni , hhayi into ewusizo kule nsizakalo. Uma izinqubo zehluleka, izindleko zomnotho zobugebengu zingawela ngqo ezinkampanini.
Kubasebenzisi, lezi zinyathelo zimele intuthuko ekuzivikeleni ekukhwabaniseni okuyinkimbinkimbi. Okulindelekile ukuthi, bebhekene nengozi yokudingeka bakhokhe izigidi zesinxephezelo kanye nezinhlawulo, amasu amasha okulwa nokukhwabanisa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuzokhuthaza amabhange nezinkampani zezokuxhumana ukuthi ziphakamise amazinga azo okuphepha futhi zisabele ngokushesha lapho kubikwa ukuthengiselana okusolisayo.
Lonke lolu daba lwezomthetho nolwemithetho luveza isithombe lapho ukushintshana nge-SIM kugcina sekuyinkohliso "engenabazali" engenazo izimbangela ezicacile futhi kuba yinkinga ehlanganyelwe yiyo yonke indawo yedijithali: kusukela kumqhubi ophethe umugqa kuya enhlanganweni egunyaza izinkokhelo, okuhlanganisa nabalawuli bomphakathi ababeka imithetho yomdlalo; futhi, nakuba kusenendlela okufanele ilandelwe, izinqumo zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi labo abangavikeli izinqubo zabo bazoba nendawo encane yokubheka ngakolunye uhlangothi lapho i-akhawunti yekhasimende ikhishwa ngemuva kokukopishwa okulula kwe-SIM.
