Ukutshalwa kwezimali okungenzeka yi- Tencent Holdings kanye ne-Alibaba Group e-DeepSeek , enye yezinkampani ezintsha zobuhlakani bokwenziwa zaseShayina okukhulunywa kakhulu ngazo, sekungenye yezinyathelo zezinkampani eziqashelwa kakhulu emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Nakuba izingxoxo zingakaphothulwa, imibiko iphakamisa isivumelwano esikhulu esizobeka inkampani esencane phakathi kwabadlali abahlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ku-AI.
Ngokusho kwezincwadi ezahlukahlukene ezikhethekile, zicaphuna imithombo ejwayelene nezingxoxo , isivumelwano esicatshangelwayo singabiza i-DeepSeek imali engaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.000, okuphakeme kakhulu kunezibalo zokuqala ezixoxwe ngazo emzuliswaneni wayo wokuqala wokuxhaswa ngezimali kwangaphandle. Ngenkathi izinhlangothi ezithintekayo zithule ngokusemthethweni, iqiniso lokuthi iziqhwaga ezimbili zaseShayina zicabangela ukufaka imali enkulu kangaka selivele libangele izikhalazo ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke.
Izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu zaseShayina kanye ne-DeepSeek
Imininingwane yokuqala yomphakathi yalesi sivumelwano ivela emibikweni yeThe Information , kamuva eyaqoqwa yizikhungo ezifana neReuters neBloomberg. Ngokusho kwale mithombo, iTencent ne-Alibaba bacabanga ukuthola isabelo ku-DeepSeek ngomjikelezo wokuxhasa ngezimali ozoba nenani elingaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.000.
Ekuqaleni, kubikwa ukuthi i-DeepSeek yaqala ngenhloso yokuqoqa okungenani amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-300 , ngokusekelwe enanini eliphansi lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10.000. Kodwa-ke, intshisekelo enamandla evela kubatshalizimali abangaba khona yabangela ukwenyuka okukhulu kwalezo zibalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, yasunduza izingxoxo zaya emazingeni angaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kunomgomo wokuqala.
I-Alibaba, i-Tencent, kanye ne-DeepSeek kuze kube manje benqabile ukuphawula ngezicelo ezivela kwabezindaba bamazwe ngamazwe. Imithombo igcizelela ukuthi izingxoxo ziyaqhubeka nokuthi kokubili inani lokugcina lokuxhaswa ngezimali kanye nenani lentengo kungashintsha, okusho ukuthi akukho siqinisekiso sokuthi isivumelwano sizophela njengoba nje siputshukile.
Kunoma ikuphi, iqiniso lokuthi amaqembu amabili alingana neTencent ne-Alibaba acabanga ngalokhu kutshalwa kwezimali lihunyushwa njengophawu olucacile lokuncintisana okukhulu ukuze kutholakale amaphrojekthi e-AI athembisayo kakhulu eShayina. Abahlaziyi bemakethe baveza ukuthi lesi sinyathelo sizohambisana namasu womabili amabhizinisi okuqinisa amakhono awo kumamodeli athuthukile kanye nezinsizakalo ezisekelwe kuma-ejenti azimele.
Ubani osekela i-DeepSeek futhi kungani idala injabulo engaka?
I-DeepSeek iyinkampani entsha ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem yobuhlakani bokwenziwa yaseShayina. Le nkampani ixhunywe nesikhwama sokuvikela saseShayina i-High-Flyer Capital Management (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Zhejiang High-Flyer Asset Management), lapho umsunguli wayo uLiang Wenfeng aqalise khona lo msebenzi cishe ngo-2023 ngenhloso yokuncintisana ekumodeleni ulimi okusebenzayo kakhulu.
Impumelelo enkulu yenkampani yafika ekuqaleni kuka-2025 ngokwethulwa kwemodeli ye-AI ebhekwa njengenguquko kulo mkhakha . Ngokusho kwemithombo eboniswe abezindaba, lolu hlelo lubonise ukusebenza okufana nokwezimbangi zalo zaseMelika, naphezu kokuthi iChina ibhekene nemikhawulo yokufinyelela kuma-semiconductor athile athuthukile kanye namakhono abalulekile aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-DeepSeek igcine isivinini esikhulu sokukhishwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa , okuhlanganisa amamodeli ashibhile kanye nezinketho zomthombo ovulekile ezihlukanisa isu elilandelwa abanye abadlali abanjengo-OpenAI noma i-Anthropic. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwempumelelo yobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuvuleleka kudonsele ukunaka komphakathi wonjiniyela kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu.
Esinye sezici okuxoxwe kakhulu ngazo ngabahlaziyi ukugxila ekuqeqeshweni okungabizi kakhulu . Eminye imibiko ikhombisa ukuthi inkampani ikwazile ukuqeqesha imodeli yayo ehamba phambili ngesabelomali esiphansi kakhulu kunesezindaweni zelebhu ezinkulu zaseSilicon Valley, okuqinisa indaba yenkampani entsha ekwazi ukuncintisana nezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa—into ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwebhizinisi lwaseYurophu naseSpain, lapho ukufinyelela emalini kuvame ukulinganiselwa khona.
Kusukela ku-10.000 billion kuya ku-20.000 billion: ukukhuphuka kwenani lentengo
Ukuvela kwezibalo ezizungeze i-DeepSeek kubonisa ngokusobala ijubane elisheshayo lemakethe ye-AI yanamuhla . Ekuqaleni, inkampani kubikwa ukuthi ihlole umjikelezo wokuxhaswa ngezimali wangaphandle ngenhloso yokuqoqa okungenani amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-300, ngenani elilinganiselwa kumaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-10.000. Ngokusho kwemithombo, lokhu kungaba okokuqala inkampani ifuna ngokusobala imali evela eceleni, njengoba yayisekelwa kakhulu yi-High-Flyer.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, naphakathi kwesithakazelo esikhulayo esivela kubatshalizimali abangaba khona, izinombolo zishintshe kakhulu. Imibiko yakamuva ibeka inani lentengo ngaphansi kwengxoxo lingaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.000 , okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwesilinganiso sokuqala. Ukwenyuka okunjalo esikhathini esifushane kangaka akuvamile, yingakho leli cala lilandelwa ngesithakazelo esikhulu kwezinye izikhungo zobuchwepheshe njengeYurophu.
Imithombo ejwayelene nezingxoxo igcizelela ukuthi, yize lezi zibalo zibangele umsindo othile, imigomo yokugcina ayicaci nhlobo . Ezigabeni zokuxhaswa ngezimali zangasese zalolu hlobo, kuvamile ukuthi amanani okuqala ashintshe ngemva kokuhlolwa okufanele, ukulungiswa kwezitebhisi, kanye nokungena kwabatshalizimali abasha. Akucaci futhi ukuthi yiliphi iphesenti lenhloko-dolobha iTencent ne-Alibaba elizolicabanga uma isivumelwano sidlula.
Izimakethe zisabele ngozwela kulezi zindaba. Amasheya e-Alibaba abhaliswe e-US akhuphuke ekuhwebeni kwangaphambi kwemakethe ezinsukwini ezalandela imibiko yokuqala, abanye abahlaziyi abawahumusha njengengxube yokulindela ukuqiniswa okungenzeka kwesigaba sayo se-AI kanye nokuqiniseka emandleni ayo okuhlonza izimpahla zamasu.
Ingcindezi yezezimali: izindleko zokuncintisana kumamodeli e-AI asezingeni eliphezulu
Icala le-DeepSeek lisetshenziswe njengesibonelo senani elikhulu lemali edingekayo ukuze kusekelwe amaphrojekthi e-AI asezingeni eliphezulu . Ukuqeqesha nokusebenzisa amamodeli amakhulu, ikakhulukazi lawo aqondiswe emisebenzini yokucabanga eyinkimbinkimbi noma izinhlelo ze-ejenti ezizimele kakhulu, kuhilela ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyizigidi eziningi kuma-computing ingqalasizinda, isitoreji, kanye nethalente elikhethekile.
Kulesi simo, ukuxhaswa ngemali okuxoxiswana ngakho nenkampani akugcini nje ngokuhunyushwa njengokwandiswa kwezinsizakusebenza, kodwa futhi njengophawu lokukhula kwezezimali okuhambisana nomjaho omusha we-AI . Ukwanda kwalabo ababizwa ngama-ejenti e-AI—isofthiwe ekwazi ukuhlanganisa izenzo nokwenza imisebenzi ngokungenelela okuncane kwabantu—kwandisa ingcindezi kuma-laboratory kanye nezinkampani ezintsha ezifisa ukuhlala ziphambili ekuthuthukisweni.
Uma sibheka iYurophu neSpain, lapho izabelomali zomphakathi nezangasese ze-AI zivame ukuba zilinganiselwe kakhulu , isinyathelo se-DeepSeek sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo segebe lokuxhaswa ngezimali phakathi kwamapulatifomu amakhulu ase-Asia naseNyakatho Melika kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zezwekazi. Amaphrojekthi amaningi aseYurophu aphoqeleka ukuba agxile ezindaweni ezithile noma afune amamodeli okubambisana ukuze akhokhele lo monakalo omkhulu.
Abahlaziyi abaxoxiswane nemithombo yezindaba ehlukahlukene bakhombisa ukuthi isimo samanje siphoqelela izinkampani ezintsha ukuthi zihlanganise ubuchwepheshe obusha nesu eliqinile lokuxhasa ngezimali . Ngamanye amazwi, imodeli yebhizinisi enhle ayisanele: kubalulekile ukuba nabalingani abakwaziyo ukusekela imijikelezo yokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuthatha izindleko zengqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kuncintiswane emhlabeni jikelele.
Indima ka-Alibaba no-Tencent emjahweni we-AI waseShayina
Ku-Alibaba, isabelo esingaba khona ku-DeepSeek sizohambisana nokuhlela kabusha kwayo kwangaphakathi ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinsizakalo zayo ze-AI kanye nentuthuko ibe yiyunithi ezinikele. Le nkampani ibilokhu iqinisa ukunikezwa kwayo kwamamodeli azimele, njengalawo asemndenini wakwaQwen , izinyanga eziningi futhi ibonise amakhono okukhiqiza izindawo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu namavidiyo asebenzisanayo—izindawo ezinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezicacile kwezentengiselwano ze-e-commerce, ezokuzijabulisa, kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu.
I-Tencent, yona, imemezele inhloso yayo yokukhulisa kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwayo kwaminyaka yonke kubuhlakani bokwenziwa , okungaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-36.000 ngonyaka wezimali owodwa. Isu layo lihilela kokubili intuthuko yangaphakathi kanye nokwengezwa kwabalingani bezobuchwepheshe abangaqinisa izindawo ezibalulekile, kusukela kumamodeli olimi kuya ezinhlelweni zokuncoma kanye nabasizi bezingxoxo.
Kulesi simo, ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-DeepSeek kungachazwa ngabaningi njengohlobo lothango oluhlelekile . Ukwanda kwamamodeli avulekile kanye namamodeli okulanda mahhala eShayina kwenze kwaba nzima kakhulu ngabadlali abakhulu ukuhumusha intuthuko yabo ye-AI ibe yizinzuzo ezibonakalayo, njengoba abasebenzisi benokufinyelela kuhlu olukhulayo lwamathuluzi amahhala. Ngokusekela inkampani entsha ngendlela yayo eyingqayizivele kanye nephrofayili yayo yobuchwepheshe eqinile, i-Tencent kanye ne-Alibaba bangathola ukufinyelela okubalulekile kubuchwepheshe obuhlukile kanye nethalente elikhethekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sinyathelo siyingxenye yomncintiswano wangaphakathi phakathi kwezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zaseShayina , lapho amapulatifomu afana neBaidu neByteDance nawo ethuthukisa khona imizamo yawo kule ndawo. Amandla okwakha ubudlelwano nama-laboratory asafufusa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kuqhubeka ukuthuthuka kwezinto ezintsha sekuyinto ebalulekile yamasu abo.
Ukungafuni kwemithetho kanye nesimo sezepolitiki
Ukungena kwemali eningi eDeepSeek nakho kuza phakathi kwezingxabano eziningana zomthetho kanye nezezwe . Njengoba kuyinkampani yaseShayina, ezinye izikhwama zemali zezimali zase-US kubikwa ukuthi azithandi ukuhlanganyela ekuxhasweni kwayo ngezimali, ngokusho kwemithombo yezobuchwepheshe ekhethekile. Lesi sixwayiso sivela kokubili ohlakeni lokulawula kanye nemikhawulo ekhulayo yokushintshana kobuchwepheshe obubucayi.
I-Reuters ibike ngaphambilini ukuthi inkampani igweme ukubonisa imodeli yayo ephambili kubakhiqizi bama-chip base-US ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye yezinguqulo zakamuva zamamodeli ayo kubikwa ukuthi iqeqeshwe nge-chip ye-Nvidia ethuthukisiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okuvinjelwe yimithetho yamanje, isigameko esibangele impikiswano mayelana nokuhambisana nemikhawulo kanye nokuqapha lobu buchwepheshe.
Lezi zinto zengeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lobunzima kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza kwezimali kwamazwe ngamazwe emkhakheni we-AI. Abatshalizimali baseYurophu naseSpain abalandela leli cala bangase baqaphele ukuthi izinkinga zomthetho zibe yisici esibalulekile kanjani lapho beklama amasu okukhulisa noma okubambisana kwamanye amazwe kulo mkhakha.
Ubukhulu bezwe nezepolitiki buphinde buthonye umbono womhlaba wonke wezinkampani ezintsha ezifana ne-DeepSeek . Ukukhula kwazo okusheshayo, kanye nokunakwa ezikutholayo ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezinkulu zaseShayina, kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi ubuholi kumamodeli e-AI athuthukile buphikiswana ngezindlela eziningana, hhayi phakathi kwezinkampani zaseMelika kuphela.
Umthelela ohlelweni lwe-AI kanye nezifundo zaseYurophu naseSpain
Ukwethulwa kwamamodeli okuqala e-DeepSeek ngoJanuwari 2025 kwabangela ukusabela okukhulu ezimakethe zobuchwepheshe , kwaze kwaba sezingeni lokubangela ukuthengiswa okukhulu kwezinye izingxenye futhi kwaphoqa abancintisana nabo baseShayina ukuba basheshise izibuyekezo zezixazululo zabo. Lesi siqephu sahunyushwa njengophawu lokuthi ibhalansi yamandla ku-AI ingashintsha ngokushesha okukhulu.
Uma umjikelezo omusha wokuxhaswa ngezimali ubonakala emazingeni okulinganisa aphakanyisiwe ukuvuza, i-DeepSeek izoba enye yezinkampani ezintsha ze-AI ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni , ijoyine iqembu elihlanganisa amagama afana ne-Anthropic kanye ne-xAI ka-Elon Musk. Lokhu bekungeke nje kube yingqophamlando ohlelweni lwezobuchwepheshe lwaseShayina kodwa futhi kube yisilinganiso esibalulekile sezikhungo zobuchwepheshe zaseYurophu ezifuna ukuzinza kulo mkhakha.
Kumphakathi wamabhizinisi waseSpain naseYurophu, leli cala linikeza izifundo eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, liqokomisa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwezinsiza kungabaluleka njengosayizi wesabelomali . Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ligcizelela isidingo sokuklama amaphrojekthi ahlanganisa amakhono obuchwepheshe nendaba ecacile yemakethe, ekwazi ukuheha intshisekelo yamazwe ngamazwe ngisho nangaphandle kokuba nomfutho wezezimali wezinkampani ezinkulu ekuqaleni.
Okwamanje, abahlinzeki bamafu baseYurophu, abeluleki bezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinkampani zendabuko ezihlola amacala okusetshenziswa kwe-AI zingase zibone izinyathelo zikaTencent, Alibaba, kanye neDeepSeek njengokuqinisekiswa komkhuba obheke kumamodeli athuthukile kakhulu kanye nama-ejenti azimele . Lezi zinhlobo zezixazululo ziqondisa ngqo izindawo ezifana nokwenza ngokuzenzakalela kwenqubo yebhizinisi, ukuhlaziya okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokwenza ngcono uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla—izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emnothweni waseSpain.
Konke kusikisela ukuthi umphumela wezingxoxo phakathi kweTencent, i-Alibaba, ne-DeepSeek uzobhekwa eduze ezinye izikhungo zobuchwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele. Umphumela wokugcina uzonikeza izinkomba mayelana nokuthi abadlali abakhulu kulo mkhakha bazimisele kangakanani ukutshala imali kuma-laboratory asafufusa njengendlela yokusheshisa isikhundla sabo emncintiswaneni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa futhi, cishe, bazobeka uphawu abanye abadlali baseYurophu abazolukhumbula lapho behlela izinyathelo zabo ezilandelayo.