Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nengxenye yempi yezomthetho eYurophu, isimemezelo sakamuva se- CJEU Ngomhla zingama-26 kuNhlangulana kusebenze ukucasula kwezinkampani ezinkulu ze-Ibex ukuze kubuyiselwe imali ebanjwayo exhunywe umusa wezezimali isicelo ekuthengweni kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Amafemu afana neTelefónica, Iberdrola kanye neFerrovial sebezifakile izicelo ku-Ejensi Yezentela ngamanani lawo ingqikithi engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.500 zama-euro, kuyilapho isamba somthelela kuma-akhawunti omphakathi singafinyelela Izigidi ezingu-8.000 futhi, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, ngisho idlule Izigidi ezingu-10.000 uma kucatshangelwa inzalo kanye nemiphumela yentela ehambisanayo.
Umsuka wengxabano: umthetho ka-2001 kanye nokusabela kukaBrussels
Ingxabano inezimpande zayo ekuguqulweni kwe Umthetho 24/2001, inyuswe ukuze ivumele izinkampani zaseSpain ezithenge iziteki phesheya ukuze zenze imali umusa ekhiqizwayo, ngaleyo ndlela yehlisa isisekelo sayo sentela yenkampani.
Lesi sinyathelo besihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukunwetshwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokuhlanganisa amazwe ngamazwe ase-Spanish. ngemisipha emikhulu yokuncintisana. Kulo mongo, amaqembu afana no-Santander, i-Iberdrola, i-Telefónica ne-Ferrovial enze ukuthengwa okubalulekile e- I-United Kingdom, i-United States noma i-Brazil, ehlukanisa ibhizinisi layo kanye nokunciphisa ukuchayeka emakethe yasekhaya.
Inzuzo yentela yavula izinsimbi ezincintisana nabo baseYurophu nasemazweni afana nalawa France kanye Germany, enezimiso zentela ezinemikhawulo eyengeziwe. Kulandela ingcindezi yezombangazwe, abakwa I-European Commission uvule ifayela futhi, ezinqumweni ze I-2009, i-2011 ne-2014, ihlukanise lezi zimali ezibanjwayo njengosizo lukahulumeni olungabuyiseka, yayala iSpain ukuba ifune ukubuyiselwa kwazo futhi misa isicelo yohlelo.
Ngokufanayo, uMnyango Wezezimali wafuna amanani asetshenzisiwe futhi waphazamisa ukuncishiswa kwenani okwakuhleliwe (umbuso uhlongozwe. 5% ngonyaka iminyaka engu-20). Izinkampani kanye neSifundazwe saseSpain, esimelwe iHhovisi Lommeli Wombuso kanye namafemu afana I-Garrigues, i-Cuatrecasas noma i-Pérez-Llorca, yayisa ingxabano ezinkantolo ze-EU.
Okushiwo ubulungiswa baseYurophu
El Inkantolo Ejwayelekile lase livune izinkampani ngo-2023. Manje, i CJEU iqinisekisa ukuthi iBrussels yephule umthetho ukwethenjwa okusemthethweni zabasebenzisi lapho bebuyekeza uhlaka olunemiphumela ebuyisela emuva mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe ngesikhathi izinga le-Spanish lisebenza.
Lesi sinqumo siyakugqamisa lokho Izinkampani zazinelungelo lokuthembela emthethweni yenqubo yentela esebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilungisa iphuzu elibalulekile kusukela ngo-2014: i Ikhomishini wenze iphutha ngokungabandakanyi kulokho kuthembana ukutholwa okungaqondile ngezinkampani ezibambe iqhaza, naphezu kokubona ngaphambilini lokho kuvikelwa.
Ngisho naseminyakeni yokuqala yecala, i- Ikhomishini ngo-2006 kucatshangelwe ukuthi lezi zimali ezibanjwayo azihlanganisi usizo lukahulumeni, isibonelo esiqinisa umqondo wokuthi izinkampani zenze ngaphansi kosizo loMbuso. imvelo yokulawula esebenzayo futhi ezinzile.
Isinqumo siqinisekisa ukuthi akukhona nje kuphela ukubuyiselwa kwemali ekhokhiwe, kodwa futhi efanele accounting kanye nentela reserve of the amafa kanye nokuncishiswa kwemali okuhlobene nokuthakazelelwa ngokwezezimali ngokwemithetho yaseSpain eyayisebenza ngaleso sikhathi.
Izibalo, izinkampani kanye nemiphumela yentela
Ngokwamaphepha athunyelwe kubatshalizimali, Telefónica ucele nxazonke Izigidi ezingu-1.500, Iberdrola cishe Izigidi ezingu-760 y I-Ferrovial eduze kwe Izigidi ezingu-51, amanani okufanele kwengezwe kuwo inzalo ezenzakalelayo. Ukuze uthole ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwalezi zimangalo, kungase kusize ukubonisana I-e-commerce ikhokha kanjani izintela kuMgcinimafa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinkampani ezineziteshi ezivulekile ku-EU, njenge Banco Santander, Abertis, Axa, ArcelorMittal o I-Agbar (Veolia), angafuna. Imithombo yomphakathi ilinganisela ukuthi umthelela ophelele ungaba khona Izigidi ezingu-8.000: cishe Izigidi ezingu-4.000 ekubanjweni osekwenziwe nokunye Izigidi ezingu-4.000 kungenzeka impahla yentela ukuqaphela.
Ochwepheshe bomthetho womphakathi baveza ukuthi umphumela oqongelelekayo - ohlanganisa ukubuyiselwa kwemali, inzalo kanye nokuvuswa kwezindleko zezindleko - kungaba ingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-10.000, kuye ngenqubekelaphambili yezicelo nokuthi izimemezelo zenziwa kanjani esimweni ngasinye.
La ukuphathwa kungaphoqeleka ukuthi kuvunyelwe ukwenziwa kabusha ukuncishiswa komusa ezimweni eziqinisekisiwe, ezinganciphisa isisekelo sentela yenkampani ezikhathini ezisalele zokukhokha imali.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uMnyango Wezezimali kuzodingeka uphathe inani elikhulu njalo, ukulungiswa kwentshisekelo kanye nokubalwa kwezimali, okwethula inselele enkulu yokusebenza nesabelomali ukubalwa kwesizinda se-e-commerce.
Umthelela kuma-akhawunti omphakathi nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Umthelela ongaba khona esikhwameni somphakathi ungaba mkhulu. Isamba se izimbuyiselo nemithelela yentela izodinga ukulungisa izibikezelo kuhlaka lwesabelomali kanye nemithetho yezimali yaseYurophu, ngokubambisana eduze phakathi Umgcinimafa kanye nezinkampani.
Akukhona okokuqala ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu ze-Ibex zithole ukunqoba kwezomthetho okunomphumela wokukhulisa imali: ezimeni ezinjengokuthi I-hydraulic canon noma i amafa entela ahlehlisiwe Ngemuva kuka-2008, ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwezigidigidi kwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- amalensi esikhashana ezinkampanini zamabhange nezamandla ezigunyazwe eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Ngesahlulelo sokugcina se CJEU, lo Isikhungo Sentela kumele aqhubekele ekubulaweni kwawo: hlaziya icala ngalinye, ulinganise amanani anenzalo futhi, uma kusebenza, qaphela imiphumela yentela ehlobene nokuncishiswa kwenzuzo yezezimali ngokuvumelana nemithetho ye-Spanish ngaleso sikhathi.
