Isebenza kanjani i-Alibaba? I-Alibaba Group ithole ukunakwa okukhulu kwabezindaba ngenxa yokukhula kwayo okuphazamisayo kanye nomthelela kwezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke. Ngemva kokwenza enye yeminikelo yokuqala yomphakathi emikhulu emlandweni e-United States, iqoqa izigidigidi zamaRandi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo samasheya, inkampani yazisungula njengomholi wezobuchwepheshe emhlabeni jikelele.
Naphezu kodumo lwayo, kunemibono eminingi eyiphutha mayelana nalokho okwenziwa yi-Alibaba nokuthi yenza kanjani imali. Kwabaningi, iyiwebhusayithi nje yokuthenga imikhiqizo eshibhile, kodwa empeleni, iyisistimu eyinkimbinkimbi yezinsizakalo zedijithali kusukela ekuthuthweni kwempahla kuya ekubhaleni amafu. Kulesi sihloko, sizochaza kahle ukuthi iyini i-Alibaba nokuthi isebenza kanjani ngaphakathi.
Kuyini i-Alibaba?
I-Alibaba ibhekwa njengomthengisi omkhulu kunabo bonke eShayina futhi inamandla amakhulu kwezentengiselwano ze-inthanethi zomhlaba wonke. Yasungulwa nguJack Ma kanye nethimba labantu abangu-18, le nkampani yazalwa ngenhloso yokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela emakethe, okuvumela amabhizinisi amancane ukuthi asebenzise ubuchwepheshe ukuze ancintisane enkundleni yokudlala elinganayo nezinkampani ezinkulu zezimboni.
Ingqikithi yempumelelo yayo itholakala eqinisweni lokuthi akuyona isitolo esisodwa, kodwa iqoqo lezinkampani ezisebenza ngaphansi kwamamodeli ebhizinisi ahlukene. Abahlaziyi bezomnotho bavame ukuchaza lesi sikhulu saseShayina njengenhlanganisela ehlanganisiwe ye -Amazon, i-eBay, i-PayPal, ne-Google , njengoba inikeza izinsizakalo zokuthengisa, izindali, amasango okukhokha, kanye nokukhangisa kwezinjini zokusesha.
Ngokungafani nezimakethe zaseNtshonalanga, i-Alibaba ibusa indawo lapho iningi lokuthengisa okuku-inthanethi ligxile eShayina. Lesi sikhundla sokuphatha siyivumele ukuthi ihlukanise imithombo yayo yemali engenayo, iguqukele ekubeni yingosi yokuxhumana elula ibe yinkampani enkulu yobuchwepheshe .
Isebenza kanjani imodeli yebhizinisi le-Alibaba?
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi i-Alibaba isebenza kanjani, kumele sihlaziye izinsika zayo ezintathu eziyinhloko, ezihlelwe njengezinkampani ezizimele ezinezinhloso ezahlukene kanye nezilaleli:
I-Alibaba.com (Isikhulu se-B2B)
Yibhizinisi lokuqala kanye namandla ashukumisayo ngemuva kokuhweba kwebhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi. Izichaza njengepulatifomu yebhizinisi kuya kwebhizinisi (B2B) lapho abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki baseShayina bexhumana khona nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezifuna isitokwe noma ukukhiqizwa okukhulu. Ngokungafani ne-Amazon, i-Alibaba.com ayinayo impahla yayo noma iphathe ngqo izindawo zokugcina impahla noma izinto zokuthutha.
Inzuzo yayo ivela emithonjeni emibili: izimali zokuthengiselana kanye, ngokuyinhloko, izimali zokubhalisa ezikhokhwa abathengisi ukuze balondoloze izitolo zabo eziku-inthanethi futhi bathole uphawu lomhlinzeki othembekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli qembu lisebenzisa i-1688.com yemakethe yasekhaya yaseShayina kanye ne-AliExpress , ehloselwe abathengi abancane bamazwe ngamazwe abangadingi amanani amakhulu.
I-Taobao (Imakethe ye-C2C)
I-Taobao iyingalo yomthengi kuya kumthengi (i-C2C) , esebenza njenge-eBay. Kodwa-ke, isebenzisa isu elinamandla: ayikhokhisi imali yokuthengiselana . Imodeli yayo yokwenza imali ifana neyakwa-Google, ikhiqiza imali engenayo ngokukhangisa . Abathengisi bayakhokha ukuze imikhiqizo yabo ivele phezulu emiphumeleni yokusesha, yandise ukubonakala kwayo futhi ihehe amakhasimende amaningi.
I-Tmall.com (Isikhala Esiphezulu se-B2C)
I-Tmall yavela njengoshintsho lwe-Taobao ukuze igxile emakethe ye-Business-to-Consumer (B2C) esezingeni eliphezulu . Yenzelwe izigaba eziphakathi nendawo kanye nemikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe efuna ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bemikhiqizo yabo. E-Tmall, abathengisi bakhokha imali yonyaka kanye namakhomishini, okuqinisekisa indawo yokuthenga eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ekhethekile.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zinkampani ezinkulu ezintathu, i-Alibaba Group ihlukanisa imali engenayo yayo ngenethiwekhi yezinsizakalo ezihambisanayo:
- I-Alipay: Ipulatifomu yokukhokha yedijithali ehamba phambili eqeda ukungezwani kokuthengiselana (okufana ne-PayPal).
- I-Alibaba Cloud Computing: Izinsizakalo zengqalasizinda yamafu zamabhizinisi.
- I-Lazada ne-AliExpress: Ukwandiswa kwe-e-commerce emakethe yomhlaba wonke.
- I-Cainiao: Inethiwekhi ye-Smart logistics yokwandisa ukuthunyelwa.
- Eminye imisebenzi: Zihlanganisa iJuhuasuan (ukuthengiswa kwe-flash), iLaiwang (izinsizakalo zeposi), i-YouKu (ividiyo) kanye nezabelo emikhakheni yamafilimu nezemidlalo.
Lesi sakhiwo sivumela inkampani ukuthi inganciki emthonjeni owodwa wemali engenayo, ihlanganise i-Big Data kanye ne-Artificial Intelligence ukubikezela amaphethini okusetshenziswa nokuthuthukisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngesikhathi sangempela.
I-Alibaba akuyona inguqulo yesiShayina ye-Amazon
Kuyiphutha elivamile ukudidanisa i-Alibaba ne-Amazon. Ngenkathi i-Amazon isebenza njengomthengisi othenga, agcine, futhi athengise amasheya, i-Alibaba isebenza kakhulu njengomxhumanisi wemakethe . Empeleni, i-Alibaba ayithengisi imikhiqizo; inikeza ingqalasizinda yedijithali lapho izigidi zemikhiqizo nabathengisi zingasungula khona izitolo zabo eziku-inthanethi.
Lo modeli ungandiswa kakhulu futhi awunangozi kangako, njengoba i-Alibaba ingacabangi izindleko zempahla noma izingozi zokugcina impahla. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemali yokukhangisa kanye namakhomishini kwenza inzuzo yayo incintisane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli okuthengisa avamile.
Umhlahlandlela onemininingwane: Indlela yokuthenga nokuhweba ku-Alibaba.com
Kulabo abafuna ukungenisa izimpahla, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-Alibaba iyipulatifomu ye-B2B . Akuyona indawo yokuthenga iyunithi eyodwa yokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu (i-AliExpress ikhona ngenxa yalokho), kodwa kunalokho ukuthola amanani avumela inzuzo yezentengiselwano.
Inqubo yokungenisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo
- Ukubhaliswa kanye nephrofayili: Dala i-akhawunti echaza ukuthi ungumthengi noma umhlinzeki. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-imeyili kubalulekile ukuze ufinyelele kuzo zonke izici zemiyalezo.
- Sesha futhi Hlunga: Sebenzisa ibha yokusesha bese usebenzisa izihlungi ezibalulekile ezifana nokuthi indawo yomhlinzeki, lo inani elincane le-oda (MOQ) kanye nezitifiketi zekhwalithi.
- Ukuthola kanye Nesilinganiso: Ukubheka intengo akwanele. Kumelwe usebenzise umsebenzi we Isicelo Sekhotheshini (RFQ) ukuthola izingcaphuno zangempela ezivela kubaphakeli abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
- Ukuxoxisana: Ingxoxo yangaphakathi iyithuluzi elibalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuxoxisana ngezikhathi zokugcina, amazinga entengo (ivolumu ephezulu isho intengo yeyunithi ephansi), kanye nezincazelo zobuchwepheshe.
Izinhlobo zabathengisi epulatifomu
Akubona bonke abahlinzeki abafanayo. Ukuthola ukuthi ubani ophethe isitolo kubalulekile ekugwemeni izingozi.
- Abakhiqizi: Panasonic Bakhiqiza okuhle. Banikeza amanani aphansi kanye nokulawula okuphelele umkhiqizo, kodwa ngokuvamile kudinga I-MOQ ephezulu kakhulu.
- Izitolo ezinkulu Bathenga ezimbonini bese bephinda bathengise. Banikeza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kanye nama-MOQ aphansi, yize intengo yeyunithi ikhuphuka kancane.
- Izinkampani Zokuhweba: Basebenza njengabaxhumanisi. Balungele abaqalayo ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila. Ukuxhumana okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuguquguquka ngobuningi obuncane, yize kuyizinto ezibiza kakhulu.
Ezokuphepha Nokuhlela Izinto: Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa ku-Alibaba
Ukuthenga emakethe enkulu kangaka kunezingozi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utshalomali lwakho luphephile, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi ziqondiso:
Izitifiketi Eziyinhloko
Njalo funa la mabheji amathathu kuphrofayela yomhlinzeki:
- Umhlinzeki Wegolide: Kubonisa ukuthi umhlinzeki ukhokhele ubulungu futhi uqinisekisiwe kudatha yakhe eyisisekelo.
- Umhlinzeki Oqinisekisiwe: Kuyindlela ephephe kakhulu, ngoba i-ejensi yangaphandle ezimele uvakashele ifektri ngokoqobo ukuze aqinisekise amandla ayo okukhiqiza.
- Isiqinisekiso Sohwebo: Yisevisi yokuvikela abathengi ye-Alibaba. Ivikela inkokhelo yomthengi kuze kube yilapho kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izimpahla zifikile njengoba kuvunyelwene.
Inqubo Yokuthutha Phakathi KweShayina Nendawo Eya Kuyo
Inqubo yokungenisa ayipheli ngokukhokha. Kunama-ejenti amaningana ahilelekile, futhi umthengi kumele axhumane nawo:
- Umthengisi: Lungisa izimpahla.
- I-Ejensi Yokuthumela Izimpahla eShayina: Uphatha ukuthutha kusuka efektri kuya echwebeni noma esikhumulweni sezindiza kanye nezinqubo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
- Umnyango wezimpahla: Bayaqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla ziyahambisana nemithethonqubo yezomthetho neyezempilo yezwe okuya kulo.
- Umthumeli Wezimpahla Wendawo: Qoqa izimpahla ehhovisi lentela likazwelonke bese uziletha endaweni yokugcina impahla.
Kubalulekile ukucela ikhotheshini yobungcweti ehlanganisa i-Incoterms (imigomo yokuhweba yamazwe ngamazwe) ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi ubani okhokhela ezokuthutha kanye nomshwalense esigabeni ngasinye.
I-Alibaba kanye neSu leDatha: Ukufana ne-Google
Bobabili iTaobao neTmall basebenzisa izinjini zokusesha ezilungiselelwe kahle . Imodeli yemali engenayo lapha icishe ifane ne-Google AdWords: abathengisi bahlanganyela ekuthengisweni kwamagama angukhiye . Uma umthengi efuna "i-calculator," imikhiqizo yalabo abakhokhe ibhidi eliphezulu izovela kuqala.
Leli khono lokwenza imali ngenhloso yokusesha, kuhlanganiswe nokuqoqwa kwe- Big Data , livumela i-Alibaba ukuqonda imikhuba yokusebenzisa yezigidi zabantu, okwenza ngcono ukukhangisa kanye ne-logistics ngendlela ebikezelayo. Yingakho i-Alibaba ibhekwa njengenkampani yedatha kanye nenkampani yezohwebo.
Indlela yokuthengisa ku-Alibaba: Izinyathelo zabaphakeli
Uma uyibhizinisi elifuna ukuthumela imikhiqizo yakho kwamanye amazwe emhlabeni jikelele, i-Alibaba inikeza ipulatifomu engenakuqhathaniswa yokubonakala emhlabeni jikelele. Inqubo yokuba ngumthengisi ilandela lokhu kugeleza:
- Bhalisa njengoMhlinzeki: Ukubhaliswa kwamahhala ngemininingwane yenkampani kanye nokuqinisekiswa kobunikazi.
- Izinga Lobulungu: Umthengisi angakhetha phakathi kweyodwa i-akhawunti eyisisekelo noma a i-premium (Umhlinzeki Wegolide)I-akhawunti ye-premium inikeza indawo engcono, isikhala esengeziwe sezithombe, kanye nomphathi we-akhawunti ozinikele.
- Ukufakazelwa ubuqiniso: Layisha amadokhumenti entela bese uqinisekisa inombolo yocingo ukuze uvimbele ama-akhawunti mbumbulu.
- Ikhathalogi Yomkhiqizo: Layisha izinto ezinamagama alungiselelwe, amagama angukhiye, izigaba eziqondile, kanye nezithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
- Ukugunyaza: Uhlelo lwe-Alibaba luqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ayiphuli imithetho ngaphambi kokuba ibekwe obala.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, nakuba ukubhalisa kungaba mahhala ekuqaleni, ukuze kube nokuncintisana kuyadingeka ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni zobulungu , njengoba lokhu kunikeza uphawu lokwethembana olufunwa ngabathengi be-B2B ngaphambi kokwenza ukudluliselwa kwezinkulungwane zamaRandi.
Izifundo Ezisekelwe Empumelelweni Ka-Alibaba
Ukukhula kwe-Alibaba akubanga ngengozi. Imodeli yayo isekelwe ezinsikeni ezine zenhlangano ezingasetshenziswa yinoma yimuphi usomabhizinisi:
- Ukugxila kumakhasimende: UJack Ma wasekela umbono wakhe ekukhiqizeni inzuzo yangempela kumsebenzisi, eqonda ukuthi ibhizinisi likhula ngendlela yemvelo uma ikhasimende lithemba ipulatifomu.
- Ukuphatha Idatha Njengempahla: Ukusetshenziswa kwe Ukuhlaziywa kwe-AI kanye nephethini yokuthenga Ivumela inkampani ukuthi ibikezele isidingo futhi ihlukanise imikhiqizo ngokunemba kokuhlinzwa.
- Inqubo yokuzenzakalela: Kusukela ekubikezeleni isidingo kuya ekugcwaliseni kabusha, i-Alibaba ithathe indawo yemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngesofthiwe ehlakaniphile, okwandisa ukuqina kokusebenza.
- Isiko Lokusungula Izinto Ezintsha: Inhlangano engesabi ukwenza amaphutha futhi ehlala ichaza kabusha imingcele yayo, inwebeka emikhakheni efana nokubala amafu, ezokuzijabulisa kanye nezezimali.
I-Alibaba ikhombisile ukuthi imfihlo ayikho ekuthengiseni umkhiqizo oshibhile, kodwa ekudaleni uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze umthengi nomthengisi babhekane nokungezwani okuncane kakhulu.
Impumelelo yalesi sikhulu saseShayina isekelwe ekhonweni laso lokusebenza hhayi njengesitolo, kodwa njengengqalasizinda yedijithali ephelele. Ngokuhlanganisa izinkokhelo eziphephile nge-Alipay, izinto ezihlakaniphile ne-Caniao, kanye nenjini enkulu yokukhangisa, i-Alibaba ikwazile ukubusa ukugeleza kokuhweba phakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga. Kunoma yimuphi usomabhizinisi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukungenisa izinto zokusetshenziswa noma ukwandisa umkhiqizo wakhe emhlabeni jikelele, ukuqonda ukuthi i-Alibaba ingumxhumanisi wokuxhumana hhayi nje indawo yokugcina impahla kuyisihluthulelo sokubamba amathuba nokunciphisa izingozi ezikhona ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe.