Uhlelo lwebhizinisi lwaseCatalonia luthathe elinye igxathu eliya phambili, lufinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu ngezinkampani ezintsha ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kuka-2.400 futhi luqinisa isikhundla sesifunda njengenye yezindawo zobuchwepheshe ezishintshashintshayo eNingizimu Yurophu. Umbiko wakamuva we-Acció, i-ejensi yokuncintisana kwebhizinisi kahulumeni waseCatalan, udweba isithombe sendlela ephilayo esivele incintisana emazingeni aphezulu aseYurophu futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina izinga lokukhula elizinzile ngenkathi ihlola amamodeli amasha ebhizinisi amasha.
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, inani lezinkampani ezintsha likhuphuke ngo- 5,2% ngonyaka odlule , lafinyelela ezinkampanini ezibhalisiwe ezingu-2.403. Lokhu kukhula akuyona into eyenzeka kanye kuphela, kodwa kunalokho ukuqhubeka komkhuba obekulokhu kuqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi futhi kuvumele inani lezinkampani ezintsha eCatalonia ukuthi liphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2016 , lapho kwakunamaphrojekthi angaphansi kwenkulungwane.
ICatalonia idlula izinkampani ezintsha ezingu-2.400 futhi iphula irekhodi elisha
Ukubalwa kwabantu okubuyekeziwe kukhombisa ukuthi, ekupheleni konyaka wezimali odlule, iCatalonia inezinkampani ezintsha ezingu-2.403 , uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-2.285 ngonyaka odlule. Ukwanda okuphelele kwezinkampani ezingu-118 kuvela ekudalweni kwezinhlelo ezintsha ezingu-378 kanye nokususwa kwezingu-260 ohlwini, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi sezidlule iminyaka eyishumi yokusebenza, sezithengiwe, seziyekile ukusebenza, noma azisebenzi.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kugqamisa uhlelo lwe-ecosystem oluhlala lushintsha, lapho cishe ingxenye yamaphrojekthi (cishe angu-44%) asungulwa eminyakeni emihlanu edlule , amaningi awo ngemuva kobhubhane. Isimo samanje sibuswa yizinkampani ezisencane, eziqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe ezigxile ekukhuleni okusheshayo kanye namamodeli ebhizinisi angakhula abelokhu ehlose izimakethe zomhlaba wonke kusukela ngosuku lokuqala.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, inani lezinkampani ezintsha zaseCatalan likhuphuke ngo-121%, likhuphuka lisuka ngaphezu kwenkulungwane ngo-2016 laya ngaphezu kuka-2.400 namuhla. Lokhu kukhuphuka kwenani kuhambisana noshintsho lwekhwalithi: ukwanda kwamaphrojekthi e-commerce kuphela kunikeze iziphakamiso ezinengxenye eqinile yezobuchwepheshe nesayensi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihlobene nempilo, idatha, kanye nezixazululo zedijithali ezithuthukisiwe.
Umbiko owethulwe yi-Acció ugcizelela ukuthi inhloso kahulumeni waseCatalan ukuqhubeka nokukhuthaza lo mfutho ukuze kufinyelelwe izinkampani ezintsha ezingu-3.000 ngo-2030 , kanti ingxenye yesine yazo ibhekwa njengezobuchwepheshe obujulile. I-Generalitat (uhulumeni waseCatalan) isebenza kumathuluzi amasha okulawula nokusekela ukusiza amabhizinisi amancane amasha ukuba akhule abe amabhizinisi aphakathi nendawo, futhi ukuze lawa, nawo, abe yizinkampani ezinkulu, agxile ezintweni ezibalulekile zezinhlelo zawo zebhizinisi.
I-Barcelona, ​​​​isikhungo sesihlanu esikhulu kunazo zonke e-European Union
Ukukhula kohlelo lwe-ecosystem lwaseCatalan kugxile kakhulu endaweni yedolobha laseBarcelona, ​​elizimise njengesikhungo sesihlanu esikhulu kunazo zonke e-European Union . YiParis, iBerlin, iStockholm, ne-Amsterdam kuphela ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngokwezinga kanye namandla okuhweba, kuyilapho iMadrid isalele emuva kancane, cishe endaweni yeshumi.
Lokhu kubekwa kuqinisa indima yeBarcelona njengenhloko-dolobha yezobuchwepheshe yaseNingizimu Yurophu , naphezu kokuba yidolobha elilodwa kuphela kuleli qembu elingeyona inhloko-dolobha yesizwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezikhungo zocwaningo ezihamba phambili, ingqalasizinda ye-supercomputing, amaqoqo emikhakha asunguliwe, izindawo zedijithali, kanye nesisekelo sezimboni esiqinile sekuyinto ekhangayo kakhulu yamathalente kanye nemali yamazwe ngamazwe, okukhuthaza imodeli yebhizinisi ye-B2B.
Ukwenziwa kwamabhizinisi kwamanye amazwe kuyisici esichazayo se-ecosystem: cishe ama-28% ezinkampani ezintsha zaseCatalan anomsunguli oyedwa wangaphandle okungenani , kanti cishe ama-60% abasebenzi bazo bakhiwa abasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-61% alezi zinkampani athumela imikhiqizo noma izinsizakalo zawo kwamanye amazwe, kanti i-United States iyimakethe yazo eyinhloko, ilandelwa yiFrance, iJalimane, i-Italy kanye ne-United Kingdom.
Lokhu kuvuleleka kuvumela izinkampani ezintsha zaseCatalan ukuthi zande emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana nomphakathi wazo wendawo. Uhulumeni waseCatalan uqobo ugcizelela ukuthi uhlelo lwe-ecosystem ludala "umbuthano omuhle" lapho ukusungula izinto ezintsha endaweni kuguqulwa khona kube yizixazululo zomhlaba wonke , okuheha utshalomali olusha, kuqhube amaphrojekthi amaningi, futhi kuqinise indima yeCatalonia kumephu yobuchwepheshe baseYurophu.
Ukuguquka, ukuqashwa kanye nobunzima emnothweni waseCatalan
Ngaphandle kwenani lezinkampani, idatha yezomnotho ikhombisa ukukhuphuka okukhulu emnikelweni womkhakha emnothweni. Imali engenayo ehlanganisiwe yezinkampani ezintsha zaseCatalan ifinyelele ku- €2.947 billion , okumele ukwanda ngo-26% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Eminyakeni eyishumi, imali engenayo yesistimu yonke iphindwe kathathu.
Leli nani lebhizinisi lilingana cishe no -0,9% we-GDP yaseCatalonia , okuyisibalo esibonisa ukuthi izinkampani ezintsha zisuke kanjani ekubeni yinto engavamile zaya ekubeni ngumdlali obalulekile kwezomnotho. Iziphathimandla zesifunda zigcizelela ukuthi izinkampani ezintsha manje seziyisici sokwakheka kokuncintisana komnotho waseCatalan, kokubili ekukhiqizeni inani elengeziwe kanye nekhono lazo lokuheha ithalente kanye nemali yezobuchwepheshe.
Emkhakheni wezemisebenzi, imboni nayo ikhula ngendlela emangalisayo. Izibalo zakamuva ezihlanganisiwe zibonisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-30.500 abaqashwe ezinkampanini ezintsha (30.537 ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, abangaphezu kuka-30.500 ngokusho kwabanye), kulandela ukwanda ngo-34% kokuqashwa ngonyaka owodwa. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwezemisebenzi kugxile kakhulu kumaphrofayili anamakhono aphezulu ahlobene nobunjiniyela, idatha, ukuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, impilo yedijithali, kanye nokuphathwa kwebhizinisi lobuchwepheshe.
Ukwakheka kwabasebenzi nakho kubonisa ukuvuthwa kohlelo lwe-ecosystem. Cishe ama -40% ezinkampani ezintsha zaseCatalan anabasebenzi abangaphezu kweshumi , okuyisilinganiso esikhulu esibonisa ukuthi izinkampani eziningi sezidlule esigabeni sokuqala futhi manje zisezinqubweni zokwanda, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqembu, kanye nokungena ezimakethe ezintsha.
Ukukhula, ubuchwepheshe obujulile kanye nokushintshashintsha: izimpawu zokuvuthwa
Ukuhlaziywa kuka-Acció kugqamisa ukuthi, kanye nokwanda kwenani lezinkampani ezintsha, kukhona nokukhula okunamandla ezinkampanini eziye zakhulisa ngempumelelo imodeli yazo yebhizinisi futhi zaqinisa ukusebenza kwazo. I-Catalonia manje inezinkampani ezikhuliswe ngo-429, okusho izinkampani eziqoqe imali engaphezu kwesigidi samaRandi noma eziye zagcina amazinga okukhula edlula u-20% ngonyaka okungenani iminyaka emithathu ilandelana.
Lokhu kwanda kwakha cishe ingxenye yomsebenzi kanye nemali engenayo ohlelweni lwe-ecosystem, okwenza kube yimbangela ebalulekile yokushayela ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yokusungula izinto ezintsha. Amandla abo okuheha utshalomali, ukuvula izimakethe zomhlaba wonke, kanye nokukhiqiza imisebenzi enamakhono kuqinisa indima yeCatalonia njengeplatifomu yokukhula kwamaphrojekthi obuchwepheshe anamandla amakhulu.
Esinye isibonakaliso sokukhula kobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi ukukhula kobuchwepheshe obujulile, okubhaliswe izinkampani ezingu-374 . Lezi yizinkampani ezintsha ezinesisekelo esiqinile sobuchwepheshe nesayensi, ezivame ukuxhunyaniswa nezinkambu ezifana ne-biotechnology, i-photonics, i-advanced computing, noma ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, futhi zinomthelela oqondile ekuguquleni imodeli yokukhiqiza.
Lokhu kuhlanganiswe yizinhlanganisela ezingu-308 ezivele emanyuvesi nasezikhungweni zocwaningo. Lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kwesayensi, amanyuvesi, namabhizinisi kubalulekile ekudluliseleni ulwazi olutholakale emalabhorethri emakethe, futhi kusiza ukubeka iCatalonia njengendawo evundile yokudluliselwa kobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi eSpain naseYurophu yonke.
Imikhakha eqhuba uhlelo lwe-ecosystem: ezempilo, idatha kanye nezinsizakalo zedijithali
Uma sibheka izindawo zomsebenzi, umbiko uqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bezempilo sebube ngumqhubi oyinhloko wokudalwa kwezinkampani ezintsha eCatalonia . Cishe u-30,8% wesistimu yokusebenza kwemvelo ungowesigaba se-healthtech, esihlanganisa konke kusukela kwezokwelapha ngocingo kanye nezixazululo zokuxilonga ezikude kuya kumadivayisi ezokwelapha axhunyiwe kanye namapulatifomu okuphathwa kwezempilo aqhutshwa idatha.
Ngokuphathelene nemali engenayo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo nakho kuhola phambili, kubalwa cishe u-13,7% wemali engenayo iyonke yomkhakha. Abalandelayo yizinkampani ezintsha zokuhamba nezokuzilibazisa, ezimele cishe u-12,3% wemali engenayo, kanye nezinkampani ze-fintech, cishe u-11,4%. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kubonisa uhlelo oluhlukahlukene olubeka phambili imisebenzi enenani eliphezulu.
Ngaphandle kwemikhakha ethile, ucwaningo luqokomisa ukuthi izinkampani ezintsha zaseCatalan ezingaphezu kuka-57% zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-cloud computing, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye ne-big data ezixazululweni zazo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okujulile kwamathuluzi edijithali athuthukile sekusabalele futhi kususe umbono wendabuko womnotho wedijithali, ngokusekelwe kakhulu kwezentengiselwano ze-e.
Lokhu kushintshela kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kuqinisa indima yeCatalonia njengesikhungo sokusungula izinto ezintsha eSpain naseYurophu, lapho izixazululo zihlolwa futhi zithuthukiswe khona ezingabe sezikhuliswa kwezinye izimakethe. I-ecosystem ibuye izuze ngokuba khona kwezinkampani ezinkulu zezimboni nezesevisi ezisebenza njengamakhasimende, abalingani, noma abatshalizimali abangochwepheshe bezinkampani ezintsha.
Ukuxhasa ngezimali: imali eyengeziwe, imisebenzi emikhulu
Ukuthuthuka komthamo wokutshalwa kwezimali kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-ecosystem lwaseCatalan luthole amandla ezezimali. Ngonyaka wezimali odlule, izinkampani ezintsha eziseCatalonia ziqoqe imali engaba yi-€1.131 billion, ehlukaniswe ngezigaba ezingaba ngu-203. Lesi sibalo simelela ukwanda okungu-8% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule futhi sihlanganisa izinga lezinsiza ezivumela izinkampani eziningi ukuthi zifinyelele ezigabeni ezithuthukile zokukhula, kuyilapho futhi ziqokomisa amathiphu okuxhasa osomabhizinisi abasha.
Noma kunjalo, inani lemali eqoqwe lihlala lingaphansi kwezinga eliphezulu elifinyelelwe ngo-2021 nango-2022, lapho inani lemali eqoqwe lisondela ku-€1.600 billion ngokwezinga lenzalo eliphansi kanye nokuntuleka kwemali eningi. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-mega-round, adlula u-€88,5 million , kulahlekelwe ukuvelela: imisebenzi emibili kuphela enjalo eqoshwe eCatalonia ngonyaka odlule, kuyilapho izindlela zokuxhasa ngezimali zithokozile.
Okwenzekile ukwanda kosayizi ojwayelekile wemijikelezo yokuxhaswa ngezimali, okukhuphuke kusuka cishe ku-€3,9 million kuya cishe ku-€5,6 million. Lolu shintsho lubonisa ukuthi izinkampani ezintsha ezithola uxhaso zivame ukuqoqa imali enkulu , okuthi, ngokombono, kuzivumele ukuthi ziphishekele ngempumelelo ukwenziwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo, noma ukwandiswa kweqembu.
Uma sibheka isikhathi eside, kusobala ukuthi kusukela ngo-2021, uhlelo lwe-ecosystem lwaseCatalan ludonsele imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-€6.100 ekutshalweni kwezimali, uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidigidi ezingama-€2.659 eziqoqwe eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kobhubhane. Lokhu kwanda okukhulu kubonisa ukuthi iCatalonia ingenile eqoqweni lezimali ezinkulu kanye nabatshalizimali abakhethekile kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Indima kaHulumeni kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo zesimiso sezinto eziphilayo
Iziphathimandla zaseCatalan zigcizelela isidingo sokugcina ukuzibophezela okuqinile ezinkampanini ezintsha kanye namabhizinisi amasha . Uhulumeni waseCatalan usebenza esivumelwaneni sokubusa sokuthuthukisa ithuluzi elisha lezomthetho nelezezimali elizokwenza kube lula ukukhula kwebhizinisi, kugxilwe kakhulu ekwenzeni izinkampani ezincane zibe ziphakathi nendawo futhi, zibe namandla okuzihlanganisa njengabadlali abakhulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uHulumeni uphinde wagcizelela inhloso yakhe yokusekela uhlelo lwe-ecosystem ekufezeni umgomo wokufinyelela izinkampani ezintsha ezingu-3.000 ngo-2030 , eqinisa izici ezifana nokuheha ithalente lamazwe ngamazwe, ukufinyelela ezimalini, ukuxhumana namanyuvesi kanye nocwaningo, kanye nokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwedijithali kwemboni yendabuko.
Kulesi simo, amathuluzi afana namaqoqo emikhakha, ama-digital hubs, izikhungo ze-supercomputing, kanye namanethiwekhi e-incubator kanye ne-accelerators azoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile. Isu lihilela ukuhlanganisa indawo lapho izinkampani ezintsha zingahlola, ziqinisekise, futhi zikhulise izixazululo zazo ngokusekelwa yizinkampani ezinkulu, izikhungo zomphakathi, kanye nababambiqhaza ohlelweni lokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Njengoba inezinkampani ezintsha ezingaphezu kuka-2.400, imali engenayo ecishe ibe yi-€3.000 billion, imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-30.000, kanye namakhulu okukhulisa, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe obujulile, kanye nezinkampani ezizimele, iCatalonia izisungule njengomdlali ohamba phambili emkhakheni wokusungula izinto ezintsha eYurophu. Inselelo manje ukugcina lo mfutho, ukuqinisa ikhwalithi nomthelela wamaphrojekthi, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwenani kweshumi leminyaka elidlule kuholela ohlelweni oluqinile noluncintisanayo, olukwazi ukukhiqiza amathuba eSpain naseYurophu yonke.