I-WhatsApp ithathe elinye igxathu esu layo lokuphepha kwezingane ngokwethulwa kwama -akhawunti amasha aklanyelwe izingane ezincane futhi aphathwa ngqo ngabazali noma abanakekeli bazo . Lena imodeli yokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza elinganiselwe kakhulu, eyenzelwe ukuvumela izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka yobusha ukuthi zixhumane, kodwa ngaphakathi kwemingcele ecacile neqondisiwe.
Lesi sinyathelo sifike ngesikhathi lapho ohulumeni baseYurophu, okuhlanganisa nabaseSpain, bebuyekeza ukufinyelela kwezingane ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezinsizakalo zemiyalezo , begxile emthonjeni wazo empilweni yengqondo, ubumfihlo, kanye nokuchayeka kokuqukethwe okungafanele. Isiphakamiso se-WhatsApp sihlose indawo ephakathi nendawo: hhayi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele noma ukusetshenziswa okungavinjelwe, kodwa kunalokho ukusetshenziswa okuqondisiwe.
Zinjani izi-akhawunti ezintsha ze-WhatsApp zezingane ezincane?
Ipulatifomu, ephethwe yi-Meta, ichaze ukuthi lawa ma-akhawunti ahloselwe izingane ezingakafiki eminyakeni yobudala emisha ezingakakhuli ngokwanele ukuba ne-akhawunti ejwayelekile kule nsizakalo. ESpain, umgomo oyinhloko yizingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14, kanti engxenyeni enkulu yeYurophu umkhawulo weminyaka ungowe-13.
Kusukela ekuqaleni, lawa ma-akhawunti ahlelwe ngezilungiselelo zokuphepha eziqinile futhi anqunyelwe emisebenzini eyisisekelo yokuthumela imiyalezo nokushaya ucingo . Ngamanye amazwi, ingane ngeke ikwazi ukufinyelela amathuluzi athile avamile kuhlelo lokusebenza, ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi neziphazamiso.
I-WhatsApp igcizelele ukuthi umqondo walolu hlobo uvele ezicelweni zemindeni eyayifuna inguqulo yesevisi yemiyalezo elungele izingane . Le nkampani ithi lesi sici saklanywa ngosizo lochwepheshe nezinhlangano ezingochwepheshe ekuphepheni kwezingane kanye nedijithali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani ilindele ukuqaliswa kancane kancane komhlaba wonke ezinyangeni ezizayo , lapho izoqoqa khona impendulo evela kubazali nakubanakekeli ukuze ithuthukise ulwazi. Bathi inhloso yabo ukusungula uhlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwemindeni oluphephile noluyimfihlo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Okwamanje, lesi simemezelo sifika ngesikhathi lapho ezinye izinkundla ze-Meta, njenge-Instagram, nazo zethula amathuluzi okuqapha abazali, ikakhulukazi maqondana nentsha efuna amagama abucayi njengokuzibulala noma ukuzilimaza.
Yini izingane ezingayenza futhi ezingenakuyenza kulezi akhawunti?
Ama-akhawunti aphethwe izingane aklanyelwe ukunikeza indawo elinganiselwe kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-WhatsApp . Empeleni, ingane ingathumela futhi yamukele imiyalezo futhi yenze izingcingo, kodwa izici eziningana ezithuthukisiwe zohlelo lokusebenza azifakiwe.
Ngokukhethekile, i-WhatsApp imemezele ukuthi izici ezifana ne-AI ye-Meta, iziteshi, kanye nezibuyekezo zesimo ngeke zitholakale kulezi zinhlobo zamaphrofayela. Imiyalezo enyamalalayo ngeke itholakale nasezingxoxweni ngazinye, isici, esimweni sezingane ezincane, esingavimbela ukugadwa ezimweni ezingaba yingozi.
Inhloso yalokhu kunciphisa izici ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala kwedijithali kwezingane kugxile ekuxhumaneni okuyisisekelo nokulawulwayo , kushiywe ngaphandle izici ezingangeza umsindo, ukuchayeka kubantu abangabazi, noma ukusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okunzima ukukuhlunga.
Naphezu kwale mingcele, ingane igcina izinga elithile lokwenza ngokwezifiso: ingakhetha igama lephrofayela yayo kanye nesithombe noma isithombe esichazayo . Kodwa-ke, izinqumo ezibucayi ngempela—njengokuthi ubani ongaxhumana nayo, ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu oluboniswayo, noma ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu engajoyina—zizohlala ezandleni zomuntu omdala onomthwalo wemfanelo.
Lesi siphakamiso sihambisana nokukhathazeka okukhulayo kwezikhungo eYurophu, lapho amazwe afana neFrance, i-United Kingdom, neSpain ephikisana khona ngemikhawulo yokufinyelela kwezingane ezinkundleni zedijithali. ESpain, uhulumeni uveze inhloso yakhe yokuphakamisa iminyaka emincane yezokuxhumana kanye nezinsizakalo ezithile eziku-inthanethi, futhi izixazululo ezifana ne-WhatsApp zingabonakala njengesinyathelo esiphakathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Imodeli ye-akhawunti exhunyiwe ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwabantu abadala
Esinye sezisekelo zalolu hlelo ukuthi i-akhawunti yengane ayizimele, kodwa ixhunywe unomphela kwi-akhawunti ye-WhatsApp yomzali noma umnakekeli . Akwanele ukuthi umuntu omdala agunyaze ukusetshenziswa kwayo: kumele ayidale futhi ayiphathe ngenkuthalo.
Ukuze kusebenze i-akhawunti, amafoni omntwana kanye nawomuntu omdala kumele atholakale ngesikhathi esisodwa . Womabili amadivayisi kumele abe ndawonye ngokoqobo, njengoba inqubo yokubhalisa idinga ukuwaxhumanisa ngohlelo lokuqinisekisa oluqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ohlela iphrofayela yomntwana ungumuntu omdala onomthwalo wemfanelo ngempela.
I-WhatsApp ichaza ukuthi, ngesikhathi sokubhalisa, abasebenzisi bazocelwa ukuthi bafake inombolo yocingo yengane kanye nosuku lokuzalwa . Lokhu kuvumela ipulatifomu ukuthi ibone ukuthi umsebenzisi ungaphansi kweminyaka ejwayelekile yokufinyelela futhi isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo izilawuli nemikhawulo eyenzelwe lezi zinhlobo zama-akhawunti.
Uma ukusetha kokuqala sekuqediwe, i-akhawunti yengane ixhunyaniswa ne-akhawunti yomnakekeli ngaphakathi kwe-WhatsApp ecosystem . Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, noma yiziphi izinguquko ezifanele noma izenzo ezibucayi ezithathwe yingane zingakhiqiza izaziso kanye nezinketho zokubuyekeza zomuntu omdala, njalo kusuka kudivayisi yakhe.
Lezi zici zifaka phakathi ukwamukela izaziso uma ingane idala iqembu elisha, ishintsha igama lephrofayela yayo, noma ishintsha isithombe sayo sephrofayela . Lokhu kunikeza abazali umongo owengeziwe mayelana nendlela izingane zabo ezisebenzisana ngayo ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufinyelela izingxoxo zangasese.
Izilawuli zabazali, i-PIN, kanye nobumfihlo bengxoxo
Ukulawula okwenziwa ngabantu abadala kula ma-akhawunti kusetshenziswa isethi yezilungiselelo ezithile zokuphepha nobumfihlo . Zonke lezi zinhlaka zikhiyiwe kusetshenziswa i-PIN yomzali efakwe kudivayisi yengane, kodwa yaziwa ngumzali noma umnakekeli kuphela.
Le PIN ivimbela ingane ekuguquleni imikhawulo ebekiwe ngokuzimela , njengokuthi ubani ongayengeza emaqenjini, ubani ongabona isithombe sephrofayela yakhe, noma ukuthi abantu abangaziwa bangayithumela yini izicelo zomlayezo. Noma yiziphi izinguquko kulezi zindawo zidinga ukungenelela okuqondile kwabantu abadala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipulatifomu ivumela umnakekeli ukuthi abukeze futhi aphathe izicelo zemiyalezo ezivela ezinombolweni ezingekho ohlwini loxhumana nabo olugunyaziwe . Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokuthi ingane ixhumane nabantu engabazi ngaphandle kolwazi lomndeni.
I-WhatsApp igcizelela ukuthi, naphezu kwalolu hlaka lokuqapha, zonke izingxoxo zomuntu siqu zigcina ukubethela kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni okubonisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngamazwi angokoqobo, lokhu kusho ukuthi inkampani ngokwayo noma abantu besithathu bangaphandle abakwazi ukufunda noma ukulalela imiyalezo nezingcingo ezishintshiwe.
Uhlelo lufinyelela ibhalansi ngokunikeza abazali ukufinyelela kolwazi oluphathelene nomongo kanye nezilawuli zokucushwa, kodwa hhayi kokuqukethwe okuqondile kwezingxoxo . Idatha etholakala kubo igxile kakhulu ezicelweni zokuxhumana, amaqembu, kanye nezilungiselelo ze-akhawunti, hhayi emilayezweni ethile ethunyelwa noma etholwa yingane.
Iminyaka, ukushintshela ku-akhawunti ejwayelekile kanye nomongo wokulawula
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukuphatha ukuthi ingane ifinyelela nini iminyaka ephansi ye-akhawunti ejwayelekile . I-WhatsApp isebenzise uhlelo lwesaziso lapho ingane kanye nabazali bayo bezothola khona isexwayiso solwazi uma lolu shintsho lusondela.
Kulokhu kuxhumana, uhlelo lokusebenza luzochaza ukuthi i-akhawunti ayisakwazi ukuphathwa nini nokuthi ukushintshela kuphrofayela evamile kusho ukuthini . Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sokugcina sisalele emndenini: abazali bangalibazisa ushintsho kuze kube yizinyanga eziyishumi nambili ezengeziwe uma benomuzwa wokuthi akukabi isikhathi esifanele.
EYurophu, le ndlela ihambisana nempikiswano yezomthetho neyezenhlalo ekhula ngamandla. ISpain ikhuthaze ukukhawulelwa kokufinyelela kwezinye izinkundla zedijithali kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 , kuyilapho amanye amazwe afana neFrance ne-United Kingdom ethuthukisa amaphrojekthi afanayo ezomthetho, egxile ekuvikelweni kwezingane.
Emhlabeni jikelele, i-Australia isibe yisilinganiso ngokubeka imikhawulo eqinile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezokuxhumana yintsha, ngokusekelwe ezimpikiswaneni zempilo yengqondo kanye nokuvimbela ukulimala kwengqondo. Lezi zinqumo zenze ezinye izindawo ukuba zicabangele izinyathelo ezifanayo.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthumela imiyalezo nazo ziyahlolwa. Izigameko zokukhwabanisa, ukwebiwa kwama-akhawunti, kanye nokukhwabanisa ukuthola amakhodi okuqinisekisa kugqamise ukuthi izingane ezincane zingaba sengozini enkulu yemikhuba emibi uma zingenalo indawo elawulwayo kanye nokusekelwa kwabantu abadala ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe.
Kulesi simo, ama-akhawunti aphethwe yi-WhatsApp ahlongozwayo anikeza indawo ephakathi kokuvinjelwa ngokuphelele nokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuhambisana . Le nkampani iqinisekile ukuthi, ngokuqaliswa kancane kancane kanye nokubuya kwemindeni nochwepheshe, ingaqinisa lesi silinganiso sokuvikela futhi ivumelanise leli thuluzi nezimo zezwe ezahlukene.
Konke kukhomba ukuthi isimemezelo sibe ngesinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zohlelo lokusebenza emkhakheni wokuphepha kwezingane: imodeli lapho izingane ezingakafiki eminyakeni yobusha zigcina khona ithuba lokuxhumana, kodwa njalo ngaphakathi kohlaka oluqashwe eduze, olukhawulelwe emilayezweni nasezingcingweni, kanye nezilawuli eziqiniswa abazali , ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezikhulayo zeziphathimandla zaseYurophu, othisha kanye nemindeni.
