Umlawuli wezokuxhumana e-UK, i-Ofcom, uqalise uphenyo olusemthethweni nge-Telegram ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ipulatifomu yemiyalezo iphule yini imithetho yokuphepha eku-inthanethi ephathelene nokuvikelwa kwezingane. Uphenyo luwela ngaphansi koMthetho Wokuphepha Ku-inthanethi osanda kwethulwa, omunye wemithetho emikhulu yaseYurophu ehlose ukulawula okuqukethwe okuku-inthanethi okungekho emthethweni.
Uphenyo luvulwe ngemuva kwezinkomba zokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi izinto zokuhlukumeza izingane ngokocansi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakalo zengxoxo ukuxhumana nezingane ezincane ngenhloso yokuzilungisa. Nakuba ukugxila okukhulu kuse-United Kingdom, leli cala lilandelwa eduze kulo lonke elaseYurophu, okuhlanganisa neSpain, ngenxa yomthelela walo ongaba khona ekulawulweni nasekuqondisweni kwamapulatifomu amakhulu edijithali.
Yini ngempela ephenywa yi-Ofcom?
I-ejensi yaseBrithani ichaze ukuthi inhloso yayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Telegram iyahambisana yini nezibopho zomthetho mayelana nokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni okubekwe yi-Online Safety Act, ikakhulukazi ezintweni ezihlobene nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kwezingane. Umthetho udinga amapulatifomu ukuthi asheshe abone, anciphise, futhi asuse okuqukethwe okunjalo, kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokudalulwa kwabasebenzisi abasengozini enkulu.
Ngokusho kwe-Ofcom, uphenyo alugcini nje ekuhlaziyweni kokuqukethwe ngokwako, kodwa futhi luhlose ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zangaphakathi zokuvimbela nokuphendula zeTelegram . Lokhu kuhlanganisa indlela ethola ngayo okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni, ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokubika ezikhona kubasebenzisi nezinhlangano, nokuthi ibambisana kanjani nabezomthetho kanye nezinhlangano ezikhethekile.
Ukuvulwa kwenqubo akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwemithetho sekuqinisekisiwe. Kulesi sigaba sokuqala, umlawuli uqoqa ubufakazi kanye namadokhumenti obuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokukhipha isikhundla sesikhashana. Kusukela lapho, iTelegram izoba nesikhathi sokuphendula, ithumele izimpikiswano, futhi iphakamise ukuthuthukiswa okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe isinqumo sokugcina—inqubo engathatha izinyanga eziningana.
Okwamanje, i-Ofcom imemezele ukuthi yenza olunye uphenyo ngezinsizakalo zezingxoxo ezifana ne-Teen Chat kanye ne-Chat Avenue , ezihlotshaniswa nezingozi zokuzilungisa kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezingane. Konke lokhu kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi iziphathimandla zaseBrithani ziqinisa ukuqapha kwazo amapulatifomu emiyalezo kanye nemiphakathi eku-inthanethi okunzima ukuyilawula.
Umthetho Wokuphepha Ku-inthanethi: Izinhlawulo zezigidi zamaRandi kanye nokuvinjelwa okungenzeka kwensizakalo
UMthetho Wokuphepha Ku-inthanethi usube ngolunye lwezinhlaka zomthetho eziqinile zaseYurophu zokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingane. Phakathi kwezinye izibopho, udinga izinkundla zokuxhumana, izinsizakalo zemiyalezo, kanye nezinkundla zevidiyo ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusabalala kwezinto zobugebengu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ngokocansi, inkulumo enenzondo, kanye nokugqugquzela ubudlova.
Uma i-Ofcom inquma ukuthi iTelegram yephule umthetho, umlawuli angabeka izinhlawulo ezifika ku-£18 million noma u-10% wemali engenayo yenkampani emhlabeni wonke, noma ngabe yikuphi okuphezulu. Lokhu kungaba inhlawulo engaba yizigidi eziningi zamaRandi ngensizakalo enabasebenzisi abangamakhulu ezigidi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphezu kwezijeziso zezimali, le mithethonqubo inikeza i-Ofcom amandla engeziwe, njengokufuna imiyalo yenkantolo yokunciphisa ukufinyelela kwensizakalo e-UK uma ukwephulwa okukhulu kuqhubeka. Nakuba lokhu kuyisinyathelo esibi kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuvinjelwa kudale ukukhathazeka phakathi kwamapulatifomu afana ne-Telegram, azikhangisa njengezindlela ezigxile kubumfihlo.
Kusukela umthetho waqala ukusebenza ngo-2025, i-Ofcom ivule uphenyo ngezinsizakalo zedijithali ezingaba yi-100 futhi isivele ikhiphe izinhlawulo eziningana. Le nhlangano iphinde yafuna ulwazi oluningiliziwe oluvela ezikhulwini ezinkulu ezifana ne-Facebook, i-Instagram, i-TikTok, ne-YouTube ukuze kuqiniswe izinqubomgomo zayo zokuvikela izingane, okunikeza umbono wobubanzi kanye nesifiso sohlaka lwezomthetho lwaseBrithani.
Kulesi simo, icala leTelegram libhekwa njengesinyathelo esisha ekuhlanganisweni kwemodeli yokuphatha eqinile , engathonya indlela umthethonqubo waseYurophu, okuhlanganisa noMthethonqubo Wezinsizakalo Zedijithali (i-DSA) wakamuva, osetshenziswa ngayo emazweni anjengeSpain noma iFrance.
Izikhalazo, ubufakazi, kanye nendima yezinhlangano zokuvikela izingane
Uphenyo nge-Telegram aluvelanga ndawo. I-Ofcom iyavuma ukuthi ithole ulwazi oluvela e-Canadian Centre for Child Protection , olwalubaxwayise ngokuba khona nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi zezingane kule pulatifomu. Lezi zinhlangano, ezifana nezinhlangano zaseYurophu njenge-Internet Watch Foundation (IWF), zivame ukusebenza njengomxhumanisi phakathi kwamapulatifomu, iziphathimandla, kanye namaphoyisa.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwaqiniswa ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kususwe lolu hlobo lokuqukethwe , okuvame ukwabelwana ngalo ngezinsizakalo zemiyalezo, iziteshi ezivulekile, namaqembu azimele. Ngakho-ke, imibiko evela ezinhlanganweni ezikhethekile inesisindo esikhulu lapho kusetshenziswa izindlela zokulawula.
I-Ofcom igcizelele ukuthi ukuvikela izingane ku-inthanethi kungenye yezinto eziza kuqala kuyo nokuthi isebenza ngokubambisana nezikhungo zokuvikela izingane, abomthetho, kanye nabanye abalawuli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ziyayifeza imisebenzi yazo. Empeleni, lokhu kuhumusha kube izidingo ezicacile kakhulu mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokulinganisela kanye nezinsiza ezabelwe le ndawo.
Kumlawuli waseBrithani, icala leTelegram liyingxenye yesu elibanzi lokuqapha imvelo yedijithali , elihlanganisa konke kusukela kumanethiwekhi amakhulu omphakathi kuya ezinsizeni ezikhethekile lapho kutholakale khona izenzo zobugebengu. Uphenyo nge-X (eyayikade iyi-Twitter) ngokusebenzisa i-chatbot yayo ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni luyisibonelo salokhu kushintshela ekuqapheni okusebenzayo.
Lolu hlobo lwentuthuko luqashelwa eduze e-European Union, lapho ukucaca okusha kanye nezibopho zokuhlolisisa kahle nazo ziqaliswa khona kumapulatifomu "amakhulu kakhulu". Nakuba izinhlaka zomthetho zingafani, lo mkhuba ukhomba emzamweni omkhulu wokunciphisa ukuxhashazwa kwezingane online.
Impendulo yeTelegram kanye nemibono yayo yokuzivikela
I-Telegram iphendule ngokushesha kulezi zinsolo futhi iphika ngokusobala ukuthi ivumele ukusatshalaliswa komphakathi kwezinto zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi zezingane enkonzweni yayo. Esitatimendeni, inkampani igcizelela ukuthi, kusukela ngo-2018, isuse lolu hlobo lokuqukethwe ezindaweni zomphakathi ngenxa yama-algorithms okuthola athuthukile kanye nokubambisana nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni.
Le nkampani ithi itshale imali kumathuluzi athile obuchwepheshe, njengezinhlelo ze-hashing ukuze kutholakale izinto ezaziwayo bese zivinjwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nezixazululo ezenzelwe ukuthola okuqukethwe okukhiqizwe ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Leli phuzu libaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukuvela kwezithombe zokwenziwa kuye kwaba yinkimbinkimbi imizamo yokulinganisela kanye nomsebenzi wezinhlangano ezilawulayo.
NgoDisemba 2024, iTelegram yamemezela ubulungu bayo kwi- Internet Watch Foundation (IWF), enye yezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezihamba phambili ezizinikele ekulweni nezinto zokuhlukunyezwa kwezingane ngokocansi eziku-inthanethi. Ngokusho kwenkampani, lesi sinyathelo sibonisa ukuzibophezela kwayo ekuhambisaneni nezindinganiso zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke kanye nokuqinisa ukutholakala kweziteshi zomphakathi kanye namaqembu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Telegram iveze ukukhathazeka ngalokho ekubona njengokuhlasela okubanzi kwamapulatifomu avikela inkululeko yokukhuluma kanye nelungelo lobumfihlo. Le nkampani iphakamisa ukuthi okunye kokucindezela komthetho kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokungavumelani okuyisisekelo mayelana nokubethela kanye nokuvikelwa kwedatha yomsebenzisi.
Umsunguli wale nkundla, uPavel Durov, naye ungene empikiswaneni yomphakathi ngokubonisa ukusekela kwakhe u-Elon Musk phakathi kwezingxabano zomthetho eFrance mayelana nokuphathwa kokuqukethwe ku-X. UDurov, ophethe ubuzwe baseFrance, ugxeke lokho akubheka njengokusetshenziswa okubalulekile kophenyo lobugebengu ukuze kuncishiswe amalungelo edijithali, ukuma okuhambisana nezixwayiso zakhe ngokumelene nokuqina kwemithetho okusabalele eYurophu.
Inkinga yokubethela nokulawula okuqukethwe
Ngaphandle kwaleli cala elithile, isimo seTelegram siletha phambili enye yezingxoxo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zesikhathi sedijithali: indlela yokulinganisela okuqukethwe ezindaweni ezibethelwe . Ipulatifomu ihlanganisa iziteshi zomphakathi namaqembu, okuvumela izinga elithile lokuqapha, nezingxoxo zangasese nezingxoxo eziyimfihlo ezisekelwe ekubethelweni kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.
Ezindaweni ezivulekile, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuqapha angaphandle kanye nezinhlelo ezenzakalelayo ezilandelela izixhumanisi ezisolisayo, izithombe, kanye namaphethini okuziphatha. Lokhu akunjalo ekuxhumaneni okuyimfihlo kuphela, lapho ukubethela kuvimbela ipulatifomu ngokwayo ekufinyeleleni okuqukethwe kwemilayezo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni iziqinisekiso zobumfihlo ezinikeza abasebenzisi bayo.
Lo mklamo ohlanganisiwe udala ukungezwani okuqhubekayo phakathi kobumfihlo nokuphepha . Kumaqembu afana nezintatheli, izishoshovu, noma abaphikisi bezepolitiki, ukubethela kanye nokungenzeki kokuqapha okukhulu kuyizivikelo ezibalulekile. Nokho, kubameli bezomthetho kanye nezinhlangano zokuphoqelela umthetho, lezi zici ezifanayo zingaphazamisa kakhulu ukuhlonza kanye nokushushiswa kwamacala amakhulu, okuhlanganisa nokuxhashazwa kwezingane.
EYurophu, ikakhulukazi emazweni afana neSpain, impikiswano yokuthi kufanele yini iqalise "izinhlelo zokuskena ezingemuva" noma eziphoqelekile ezinsizeni ezibethelwe ibilokhu iqhubeka iminyaka eminingi, ngaphandle kwesivumelwano esicacile. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezokuphepha kwe-inthanethi baxwayisa ngokuthi ukwehlisa ukubethela kokusetshenziswa okuthile kuzogcina kuvulele umnyango wobuthakathaka obungasetshenziswa yizigebengu ze-inthanethi noma abenzi bombuso abanonya.
Ngakho-ke icala laseBrithani libhekwa njengelabhorethri yokulawula engavula indlela yezinqumo zesikhathi esizayo ezingeni le-EU. Kokubili uMthetho Wokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi kanye ne-European DSA zizama ukulinganisela phakathi kokuvikela izingane kanye nokugcina ubumfihlo, yize izixazululo zobuchwepheshe nezomthetho zisekude kakhulu nokuphothulwa.
Umthelela ongaba khona eSpain kanye nasesimisweni sedijithali saseYurophu
Nakuba ucwaningo lwenziwa e-United Kingdom, okutholakele kwalo kungaba nemiphumela ewusizo kwi-European Union . Amapulatifomu amakhulu avame ukusebenzisa izinguquko zenqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke lapho ebhekene nezijeziso noma ukubekwa kwemithetho ezimakethe ezibalulekile, futhi indawo yokuphepha kwezingane ayihlukile.
Uma i-Ofcom iphetha ngokuthi i-Telegram kumele iqinise izinhlelo zayo zokulinganisela noma ishintshe ukusebenza okuthile, kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye zalezo zinyathelo zizonwetshwa nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ukuze kube lula ukuthobela imithetho futhi kugwenywe ukuhlanganiswa kwezinguqulo ezahlukene zesevisi kuye ngendawo.
ESpain, lapho sekuqalwa khona imizamo eminingana yokuqinisa ukuvikelwa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 ku-inthanethi , icala laseBrithani lingasebenza njengendawo yokubhekisela lapho kuklanywa izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo noma kusetshenziswa imithetho yamanje yaseYurophu ngokuqinile. Bekungeke kube okokuqala ukuthi izinqumo zokuqala kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu zithonye uhlelo lokulawula lwaseSpain.
Kuyo yonke indawo yedijithali yaseYurophu, icala elibhekene neTelegram lenezela ohlwini olukhulayo lophenyo kanye nezijeziso ezithinta amanethiwekhi omphakathi, amapulatifomu evidiyo, izinsizakalo zemiyalezo, kanye nabahlinzeki bokusingatha. Lo mkhuba ukhomba indawo enokuziphendulela kakhudlwana ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe, enezibopho eziningiliziwe mayelana nokucaca, ukucophelela okufanele, kanye nokubambisana neziphathimandla.
Kulesi simo, uphenyo lwe-Ofcom selube yicala elingokomfanekiso elihlanganisa izinselelo eziningana ezinkulu zamanje : indlela yokuvikela ngempumelelo izingane eziku-inthanethi, ukuthi iyiphi indima okufanele idlalwe amapulatifomu ekushushiseni ubugebengu, nokuthi izifundazwe zingangenelela ngezinga elingakanani ngaphandle kokuqeda ubumfihlo nenkululeko yokukhuluma ngendlela engenakulungiswa. Umphumela wecala le-Telegram, kanye nanoma yiziphi izigwebo noma izidingo ezengeziwe ezingaba khona, kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi ibhalansi phakathi kwalezi zintshisekelo ishintsha kuphi e-UK, eSpain, nakulo lonke elaseYurophu.