I -Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) iphinde yaveza ukukhathazeka mayelana nenethiwekhi yezokuxhumana emfushane edumile iTikTok : le nkundla iyaqhubeka nokuthumela idatha yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi baseYurophu emazweni angaphandle , okuhlanganisa neChina, naphezu kokuthi abalawuli be-EU base bephethe ngokuthi le mikhuba iyangqubuzana ne-General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Lesi simo sibeka izigidi zabasebenzisi eSpain nakulo lonke elaseYurophu esimweni esibucayi: idatha yabo iyaqhubeka nokuphuma eNdaweni Yezomnotho YaseYurophu kuyilapho impi yezomthetho phakathi kweTikTok neziphathimandla zokuvikela idatha iqhubeka ezinkantolo zase-Ireland. Le nsizakalo isebenza kahle, kodwa imodeli yayo yokucubungula idatha ingaphansi kokucutshungulwa okukhulu.
Inhlawulo eqopha umlando yezigidi ezingama-530 kanye nophenyo oluvulekile
Ingxabano iqale ngophenyo oluhlanganiswe yiziphathimandla zokuvikela idatha ze-EU, oluholwa yi- Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) , esebenza njengomlawuli oyinhloko we-TikTok eYurophu njengoba indlunkulu yenkampani ye-EU iseDublin. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlaziya ukugeleza kwedatha yamazwe ngamazwe, iziphathimandla zaphetha ngokuthi ukudluliselwa kwamanye amazwe akuhambisani nezidingo ze-GDPR.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Ephreli 2025, i-DPC yahlawulisa ipulatifomu ama-€530 million futhi yayala uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokulungisa. Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa nesibopho sokumisa ukudluliselwa kwedatha yabasebenzisi baseYurophu eShayina nakwezinye izindawo ezingaphandle kwe-European Economic Area uma iTikTok ingaqinisekisi izinga lokuvikelwa elifana nelaseYurophu ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe.
I-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD), eyahlanganyela ngenkuthalo kule nqubo ngeBhodi Yokuvikela Idatha YaseYurophu, iveza ukuthi isinqumo sase-Ireland asizange sihlukaniswe, kodwa kunalokho sasiwumphumela wokuhlaziywa okuhlangene . Abalawuli bavumile ukuthi izivikelo ezinikezwa yinkampani azizange zinciphise ngokwanele izingozi ezihlobene nomthetho wamazwe afana neShayina.
Isinqumo sigcizelele kakhulu ukufinyelela ulwazi lomsebenzisi olukude oluvela eShayina ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area eminyakeni eminingana, ngaphandle kohlaka lokuvikela olubhekwa njengolwanele ngabalawuli baseYurophu. Lokhu kufinyelela okungenzeka ngabasebenzi abangaphandle kwe-EU kuyimbangela yengxabano ne-GDPR.
Ukudlulisa icala ezinkantolo zase-Ireland kanye nokumiswa okwesikhashana kokuvinjelwa
Kunokuba nje ilandele isinqumo se-DPC, iTikTok yanquma ukudlulisa icala ngalesi sijeziso kanye nezinyathelo ezibekwe ezinkantolo zase-Ireland. Le nkampani igcizelela ukuthi isebenzise izindlela zomthetho ze-EU ukuze ivumele ukufinyelela kwedatha okulinganiselwe nokulawulwa kude , nokuthi uhlelo lwayo lunikeza izindlela zokuvikela ezanele.
NgoNovemba 2025, inkantolo efanele e-Ireland yakhipha isinqumo sokuhoxiswa kwesikhashana kwesiyalo esivimba ukudluliselwa kwempahla ngenkathi izinqubo zomthetho zixazululwa. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi, yize ukuhlolwa yiziphathimandla zokuphatha kusasebenza, iTikTok ingaqhubeka nokuthumela idatha emazweni esithathu , kufaka phakathi iChina, kuze kube yilapho kukhishwe isinqumo sokugcina.
Lokhu kumiswa kokuqapha akusenzi isinqumo se-DPC noma isikhundla sabanye abalawuli, kodwa kumisa ezinye zezinyathelo eziqinile kakhulu, njengokuvimbela ukudluliswa kwedatha. I-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) igcizelela ukuthi ukuba semthethweni kwalokhu kugeleza kwedatha kusalokhu kubuyekezwa yinkantolo nokuthi isinqumo sase-Ireland sisasebenza ngokugcwele emiphumeleni yaso.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukususwa kwesikhashana kokuvinjelwa kuncike enkampanini ukuthi igcwalise izibopho ezengeziwe zokucaca . Ukuphendula lesi sidingo, iTikTok isiqalile ukubonisa izaziso ezithile ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza kubasebenzisi baseYurophu, ichaza ukuthi uphenyo luyaqhubeka nokuthi ukudluliselwa kwedatha eShayina kungaqhubeka ngenkathi isikhalazo sisacutshungulwa.
ESpain nakwezinye izindawo ze-European Economic Area, abasebenzisi abaningi be-inthanethi sebevele babone umlayezo ngaphansi kwezihloko ezinjengokuthi “Ukudluliselwa kwedatha yomsebenzisi we-EEA eShayina ngokufinyelela okukude,” okufingqa inhlawulo ye-€530 million, umyalelo wokumiswa, kanye nesikhalazo phambi kwenkantolo yase-Ireland . Ipulatifomu ngokwayo iqinisekisile ukuthi lezi zaziso ziyingxenye yokuthobela kwayo izibopho zokubonisa obala.
Yimuphi idatha engashiya iYurophu futhi kungani lokhu kubakhathaza abalawuli?
Inkinga eyinhloko ayigcini nje ngokuba khona kokufinyelela okukude okuvela eShayina noma kwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi nasohlakeni lwezomthetho lapho idatha ingaphansi kwalo uma isiphuma endaweni yaseYurophu . I-GDPR idinga ukuthi, lapho idatha yomuntu siqu idluliselwa emazweni esithathu, la mazwe anikeze izinga lokuvikelwa elilingana nelaseYurophu noma amise izindlela zokuvikela eziqinile ngezigaba ezithile kanye nezindlela.
Endabeni yaseShayina, iziphathimandla zokuvikela idatha ze-EU zikhomba ukuthi imithetho yokuphepha kwezwe, yokulwa nobuphekula, kanye nemithetho yokulwa nobunhloli ivumela iziphathimandla ukuthi zifune ukufinyelela kolwazi oluphathwa yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe uma zibona ludingeka. Leli khono elingokomthetho elingaba khona, ngokombono wabalawuli, lingqubuzana ngqo nohlaka lwaseYurophu futhi kwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo bedatha yezakhamuzi ze-European Union.
Ngesikhathi sophenyo, iTikTok yagcizelela ukuthi ayizange igcine idatha yomsebenzisi evela e-European Economic Area kumaseva angokoqobo aseShayina. Kodwa-ke, njengoba uphenyo luqhubeka, inkampani kwadingeka ivume ukuthi eminye imininingwane yayifinyelele ezinhlelweni zaseShayina ngenxa yamaphutha angaphakathi noma izehlakalo ezihlukile, iqiniso elaqinisa ukukhathazeka kwabalawuli.
Iziphathimandla zaseYurophu zigcizelela ukuthi azizange zinikeze ubufakazi bomphakathi bokuthi uhulumeni waseShayina usefinyelele idatha yomsebenzisi we-TikTok eYurophu. Kodwa-ke, zikhomba ukuthi ingozi ayixhomekile ekufinyeleleni osekuvele kwenzeke, kodwa futhi nasohlakeni lwezomthetho oluzovumela ukufinyelela okunjalo ngaphandle kwezilawuli ezifana nalezo ezidingwa yi-GDPR.
Kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, lolu hlaka lwezomthetho luhunyushwa lube yinto elula ukuyiqonda: uma usebenzisa iTikTok eYurophu, eminye yedatha yakho ingatholakala ivela eShayina nakwamanye amazwe angaphandle kwe-EEA kuyilapho umyalo wokuvinjelwa usasebenza futhi inselelo yezomthetho iyaqhubeka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, idatha yokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza, futhi, kuye ngezimvume ezinikeziwe, idatha engase ibe bucayi.
Impendulo evela kwi-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) kanye nezinye iziphathimandla zaseYurophu
Ngenxa yokukhathazeka okuphakanyiswe yizixwayiso ezingaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza, i-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ikhiphe izitatimende eziningana eziphinda zithi ukuhlolwa kwezomthetho kweziphathimandla zaseYurophu akukashintshi . Ngokombono wayo, iTikTok iyaqhubeka nokudlulisela idatha yomuntu siqu yabasebenzisi baseYurophu emazweni esithathu, okuhlanganisa neChina, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingahambisani ne-GDPR.
I-ejensi yaseSpain igcizelela ukuthi izinyathelo zokulungisa ezivunyelwene ngazo yi-DPC, yize zimiswe okwesikhashana ngesinqumo senkantolo, ziyaqhubeka nokusekelwe ophenyweni oluhlangene kanye nokuhlaziywa yiBhodi Yokuvikela Idatha yaseYurophu. Ngamanye amazwi, isisekelo sesijeziso kanye nemikhawulo ehlongozwayo isasebenza emehlweni abalawuli.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) igcizelela ukuthi iTikTok iqoke i-Ireland njengesikhungo sayo esiyinhloko eYurophu , okwenza i-Irish Data Protection Commission (DPC) ibe yigunya eliyinhloko lokuphatha, kodwa njalo isebenzisana nabalingani bayo bezwe. I-ejensi yaseSpain ihlanganyela ekusebenzisaneni nasekuhambisaneni okusungulwe yi-GDPR futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi iqapha eduze intuthuko kuleli cala elingaphansi kwesibopho sayo.
Enye yezinto ezikhathazayo ezivezwe yi-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) umthelela wale mikhuba kubasebenzisi abasebasha, abakha ingxenye enkulu yezithameli ze-TikTok . Umlawuli ubona kubalulekile ukuthi izingane nentsha zithole ulwazi olucacile noluqondakalayo mayelana nendlela idatha yazo esetshenziswa ngayo, ngolimi olufanele ubudala futhi ngaphandle kolimi lobuchwepheshe olungadingekile.
Okwamanje, inhlangano yaseSpain yayifuna ukuthumela umlayezo oqondile: yize ukumiswa kwezinye izinyathelo kungokwesikhashana, ingozi ayikapheli . Ngakho-ke, ikubona kubalulekile ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseYurophu zingalindi nje isinqumo senkantolo, kodwa kunalokho zithathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvikela ubumfihlo bazo kangcono.
Inkulumo kaTikTok: amaphrojekthi okuphepha kanye nezithembiso zokuthobela imithetho
Nakuba abalawuli beqokomisa ukushiyeka, iTikTok ikhethe ukuqinisa umyalezo wayo womphakathi mayelana nobumfihlo. Le nkampani ithi ithatha ukuvikelwa kwedatha yabasebenzisi baseYurophu njengento ebalulekile nokuthi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, itshale imali enkulu engqalasizinda nasekulawuleni.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlelo, iProject Clover yayo eyaziwayo ivelele , uhlelo, ngokusho kwenkampani, oluhlanganisa izigidigidi zama-euro ukuthola nokuvikela idatha yabasebenzisi be-European Economic Area ezikhungweni zedatha ezise-Ireland, eNorway, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu kanye nezinye izikhungo zangaphandle njengeBrazil noma i-United States, ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokufinyelela ezivinjelwe futhi eziqondisiwe.
Ipulatifomu ithi abasebenzi baseShayina abakwazi ukufinyelela izinhlobo ezithile zedatha ebucayi , njengezinombolo zocingo noma amakheli aphelele e-IP, nokuthi amasu anjengokusebenzisa amagama angewona awabo kanye nokulawula izimvume eziqinile asetshenziswa ukunciphisa ingozi yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokombono wenkampani, lezi zinyathelo zinikeza iziqinisekiso eziqinile futhi ziyahambisana nohlaka lwaseYurophu . I-TikTok igcizelela ukuthi ithembele kumathuluzi asemthethweni e-GDPR—njengezigatshana ezijwayelekile zenkontileka kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela—ukugunyaza ukufinyelela okude okuqondile nokufanelekile kwemisebenzi efana nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe, ukulinganisela okuqukethwe, kanye nokugcinwa kwensizakalo iyonke.
Noma kunjalo, abalawuli balondoloza ukuma okuqaphile. I-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) kanye nezinye iziphathimandla ziyavuma ukuthi lezi zinyathelo ziyisinyathelo esinomthwalo wemfanelo, kodwa zixwayisa ngokuthi, uma nje umthetho waseShayina usaqhubeka nokuvumela izidingo zokufinyelela ezibanzi , izivikelo zangaphakathi zenkampani azanele ukuqeda ngokuphelele izingozi kumalungelo nenkululeko yabasebenzisi baseYurophu.
Iseluleko esivela ku-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD): Buyekeza izimvume bese ucabanga ngokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza.
Ngaphandle kwesimo esithile se-TikTok, i-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) isebenzise ithuba lokwaziwa kwalolu daba ukuphinda uchungechunge lwezincomo ezingasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi isevisi yedijithali , kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu kumapulatifomu anokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwedatha yomuntu siqu kanye nesisekelo sabasebenzisi abasebasha kakhulu.
Okokuqala, le nhlangano yeluleka abasebenzisi ukuthi bafunde ngokucophelela izaziso nezinqubomgomo zobumfihlo ezivela lapho kubhaliswa noma kwamukelwa izinguquko emigomeni yesevisi. Nakuba zingase zibonakale zinde, ziqukethe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi yiluphi ulwazi oluqoqwe, ngaziphi izinjongo, nokuthi lungadluliselwa kumaphi amazwe . Endabeni yeTikTok, lezi zaziso sezivele zikhuluma ngokusobala ngesimo neChina kanye nezinqubo zomthetho eziqhubekayo.
Okwesibili, i-ejensi igcizelela ukubaluleka kokubuyekeza njalo izilungiselelo zobumfihlo bezinhlelo zokusebenza . Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola ukuthi yiziphi izimvume ezinikeziwe—ukufinyelela ikhamera, imakrofoni, oxhumana nabo, indawo, isitoreji, njll.—nokuhlola ukuthi zonke ziyadingeka ngempela yini endleleni osebenzisa ngayo isevisi. Ukunciphisa lezi zimvume kungasiza ekunciphiseni inani lolwazi oluthunyelwa kumaseva epulatifomu.
I-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ikhuthaza futhi ukuqaphela mayelana nokuqukethwe okwabiwe ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamavidiyo. Incoma ukugwema ukusatshalaliswa kwedatha ebucayi kakhulu, njengolwazi lwezokwelapha, imininingwane yezezimali, amadokhumenti asemthethweni, noma izici eziyimfihlo zokuphila komuntu siqu, okungaba yinkinga uma ziwela ezandleni ezingalungile noma zingasetshenziswa kabusha ngaphandle komongo.
Ekugcineni, umlawuli uthumela umlayezo ocacile, yize kungenjalo ngendlela engacacile: unxusa abasebenzisi ukuthi bacabangele ngokungathi sína ukuthi bayafisa yini ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa izinsizakalo ezidlulisela ulwazi emazweni anezinga lokuvikelwa kwedatha elingafani nelaseYurophu. Empeleni, lokhu kufana nokucabangela ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iTikTok noma ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanayo uma umuntu engakhululekile ngokuthi idatha yakhe ingaphansi komthetho ophazamisayo.
Lonke leli mpikiswano lihlelwe ngaphakathi kwempikiswano ebanzi yaseYurophu mayelana nokudluliselwa kwedatha kwamanye amazwe ezindaweni ezifana ne-United States noma i-China, lapho iziqinisekiso ezinikezwa yimithetho yendawo zingabhekwa njalo njengezanele yiNkantolo Yobulungiswa ye-EU kanye nabalawuli bobumfihlo.
Ngakho-ke icala leTikTok seliyisibonelo esibonakalayo sokungezwani phakathi kwamapulatifomu omhlaba wonke, iziphathimandla zaseYurophu, kanye nezinhlaka zomthetho zamazwe angaphandle. Ngenkathi izinkantolo zase-Ireland zinquma ukuthi ziyoyigcina yini inhlawulo nemikhawulo , inethiwekhi yezenhlalo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokujwayelekile eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, igcina ukudluliselwa kwedatha yayo emazweni angaphandle ngaphansi kokuhlolwa okujulile komphakathi kanye nokulawulwa. Kulesi simo, i-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) ikhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuthi ababona nje ababukeli: banamandla okulungisa izilungiselelo ze-akhawunti yabo, banciphise izimvume, futhi banqume ukuthi kuyafaneleka yini ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa isevisi enezindlela zokuphatha idatha yomuntu siqu ezisalokhu ziphikisana.
