Isikhulu sezobuchwepheshe iMeta sifinyelele esivumelwaneni esibalulekile sokuqeda icala elisimangalela ngokuklama amapulatifomu aso okubamba izingane ezincane. Inkampani kaMark Zuckerberg izokhokha imali efinyelela ku- $17.100 billion enhlanganweni yabameli jikelele base-US, abayimangalele ngokwephula imithetho yokuvikela abathengi kanye nobumfihlo bezingane. Lesi sivumelwano, esamenyezelwa ngesonto lesibili lecala e-Oakland, eCalifornia, sihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinguquko ku-Instagram naku-Facebook ezizothinta ngqo indlela intsha esebenzisa ngayo la manethiwekhi.
Isivumelwano sigwema ukuqulwa kwecala, into izinhlangothi zombili ezazifuna ukuyigwema. I-Meta iyaphika noma yikuphi ukwenza okubi , kodwa abashushisi bagcizelela ukuthi izinguquko ezivunyelwene ngazo zinkulu kakhulu inkampani eyake yazibophezela kuzo ngokubhala phansi. Lesi sivumelwano singesinye sezikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zakhokha yinkampani yezobuchwepheshe ecaleni lokuvikelwa kwabathengi, yize simelela kuphela u-18% wenzuzo yonyaka yenkampani futhi sizokhokhwa ngezitolimende kuze kube ngu-2036.
Izibalo zesivumelwano kanye nezifundazwe ezihilelekile
Inani eliphelele liyi-$17.100 billion, yize ama-$12.000 billion kuphela angenamibandela ; okusele kuncike kubancintisani abakhulu beMeta, njengeTikTok ne-YouTube, abamukela imikhawulo efanayo futhi bakhiphe amanani afanayo. Inhlangano yabamangali inabameli abajwayelekile abangu-29 , yize isivumelwano sisayinwe nezinye izifundazwe nezindawo, ezihlanganisa izifundazwe ezingu-47, iSifunda saseColumbia, kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana. ICalifornia, enye yabaqalisi, izothola phakathi kwama-$1.500 billion nama-$2.100 billion uma ijaji livuma isivumelwano.
Imali izokwabiwa ukuze ixhase izinhlelo zempilo yengqondo yentsha, izinhlelo zokufunda ngedijithali, kanye nemizamo yokuvimbela, njengoba kunqunywe yisifundazwe ngasinye. Iphinde ihlanganise amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-459 ngezimangalo ezihlobene necala laseCambridge Analytica, elalihlukile. Ngaphambilini iMeta yayibale ingozi enkulu yamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-1,4 uma ilahlekelwe yicala, okuchaza ukuphuthuma kokufinyelela esivumelwaneni.
Izinyathelo ezithile zokuvikela izingane ezincane
Imikhawulo iMeta ezibophezele ukuyisebenzisa iyahlukahluka futhi ithinta umongo webhizinisi layo. Isinyathelo esiphawuleka kakhulu umkhawulo wamahora amabili ngosuku wokusetshenziswa kwe-Instagram ne-Facebook okuhlangene , okungasuswa ngumzali kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimba ebusuku kuzosebenza phakathi kwamabili no-6:00 ekuseni, futhi izaziso zizothuliswa ngesikhathi sesikole (8:00 ekuseni kuya ku-3:00 ntambama) kanye nasebusuku (10:00 ntambama kuya ku-7:00 ekuseni).
Ezinye izici ezintsha zifaka phakathi izixwayiso njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15 yokusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo , inketho yokuphakelayo ngaphandle kwezincomo ze-algorithmic abazali abangazibeka njengokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nekhono lokufihla ikhawunta "efanayo". Izihlungi zezithombe ezilingisa ukuhlinzwa kobuhle noma ukuhlanekezela izimonyo nazo azivunyelwe. Izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ubudala zizoqiniswa ukuze kususwe ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-13, futhi amathuluzi okulawula abazali azokwandiswa.
Isivumelwano sisungula isikhathi sokuqala seminyaka emihlanu somkhawulo wesikhathi kanye nokuvalwa ebusuku, kodwa uma iTikTok ne-YouTube zijoyina, lezi zikhathi zizonwetshwa zibe yiminyaka eyishumi futhi zenziwe zibe nzima kakhulu: ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kuzokhawulelwa ehoreni elilodwa kanye nesikhathi sokuvalwa sibe amahora ayisishiyagalolunye (kusukela ngo-22:00 PM kuya ku-7:00 AM). I-Meta kuzodingeka ihambisane nokuhlolwa okuzimele futhi ayivunyelwe ukwenza izimangalo ezingamanga mayelana nezici zayo zokuphepha.
Ingcindezi ku-TikTok naku-YouTube
I-Meta ithumele incwadi evulekile kubaphikisi bayo ababili abayinhloko ibanxusa ukuba bamukele le "ndinganiso entsha yemboni." Le nkampani ikholelwa ukuthi uma ikhawulela ukufinyelela kuphela, izingane ezincane zizomane zithuthele kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, inkokhelo engu-30% incike ekutheni i-TikTok ne-YouTube bathathe izinyathelo ezifanayo futhi bakhokhe inani elilinganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Meta ishicilele izikhangiso ezigcwele emaphephandabeni ase-US ukuze icindezele obala izimbangi zayo.
Leli qhinga lihlose futhi ukwenza izimbangi zithwale izindleko zezepolitiki nezomnotho. Okhulumela iMeta, esitatimendeni sakhe, ugcizelele ukuthi "lapho ukufinyelela kwentsha kuhlelo lokusebenza kuvinjelwe, imane ishintshele kolunye," ngakho ikhambi eliphumelelayo lidinga ukubandakanyeka kwemboni yonke. Ochwepheshe bakhomba ukuthi iMeta ifuna ukugwema ukuba senkingeni yokuncintisana futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziveza njengenkampani "enomthwalo wemfanelo" ehola ushintsho.
Ukusabela kanye nomongo wokulawula
Abameli jikelele badumisa lesi sivumelwano “njengokunqoba okukhulu” kwempilo yomphakathi yentsha. Ummeli Jikelele waseCalifornia uRob Bonta ugcizelele ukuthi “iMeta ivumile izinguquko ezinkulu ezizonciphisa ingozi yokulimala.” Kodwa-ke, amanye amaqembu alwela izingane aveze ukungabaza, ephawula ukuthi inkampani isivele yephule izivumelwano zangaphambilini ne-FTC nokuthi izinyathelo eziningi zincike ekubambisaneni kwabazali, okuyinto abazali abangafuni ukuyisebenzisa ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Emhlabeni jikelele, i-European Union isivele ivule uphenyo nge-Meta ngomklamo wayo omlutha ku-Instagram naku-Facebook kanye nokuntuleka kwayo kokuqinisekiswa kweminyaka, kanti okhulumela i-EU uThomas Regnier unxuse inkampani ukuthi yandise lezi zibopho eYurophu. Amazwe afana ne-Australia asevele evimbele izinkundla zokuxhumana zabasebenzisi abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16, kanti iSpain, iFrance, neJalimane zicabangela izinyathelo ezifanayo. I-Meta iphinde ibhekane namacala amaningi avela ezifundeni zezikole kanye nabantu ngabanye, abangase bathintwe yilesi sivumelwano.
Imithelela embonini yezobuchwepheshe
Lesi sivumelwano sibeka isibonelo esibalulekile, njengoba sivuma ngokungaqondile ukuthi ukwakheka kwepulatifomu kungaba yingozi. Nakuba i-Meta ingavumi iphutha, izinyathelo ezivunyelwene ngazo zimelela ukuguqulwa okuphelele kwesimo sayo somlando. Lesi sinqumo sinomthelela wezezimali: amasheya enkampani akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-1% ngemuva kwesimemezelo, njengoba abatshalizimali bekwazisa ukuqedwa kwengozi enkulu yezomthetho. Kodwa-ke, kusasele imibuzo mayelana nokuthi imodeli yebhizinisi lokukhangisa izothinteka yini esikhathini eside uma imikhawulo yokusetshenziswa isabalala.
Umhlaziyi wemboni ukholelwa ukuthi iMeta ikhethe ukuzinikela esikhundleni sokubeka engcupheni ukugwetshwa okungase kushintshe ukusebenza kwayo. Isigaba esibeka ingxenye yenkokhelo yokuncintisana siyisinyathelo esiyingozi, kodwa futhi siyindlela ehlakaniphile: siphoqa izimbangi ukuthi zithathe ukuma komphakathi ngokuvikelwa kwezingane, into engasheshisa imithetho yomhlaba wonke. Okwamanje, isivumelwano kumele sivunywe yiJaji uYvonne Gonzalez Rogers, ophethe leli cala.
Ngamafuphi, i-Meta ikwazile ukugwema isivivinyo esasinganquma ukuthi ama-algorithms okuluthayo awasemthethweni , kodwa futhi yamukele uhlaka lwemikhawulo oluzophawula inguquko endleleni amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana aphatha ngayo abasebenzisi abasebasha. Ibhola selisenkantolo ye-TikTok ne-YouTube, futhi kuzodingeka banqume ukuthi bayayamukela yini le ndinganiso noma babhekane nengcindezi enkulu kakhulu evela kubalawuli kanye nomphakathi.