I-Indonesia ithathe isinyathelo esibalulekile ekulawuleni imisebenzi yedijithali yezingane nentsha ngokuvimbela labo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ukuthi bafinyelele ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ezibhekwa njengeziyingozi kakhulu . Lesi sinyathelo, esizosetshenziswa kancane kancane kodwa ngokwesimiso esinqunyiwe, sibeka izwe laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia phambili emkhubeni womhlaba wonke ofuna ukunciphisa imiphumela eyingozi kakhulu yendawo eku-inthanethi ezinganeni nasebancane.
Uhulumeni wase-Indonesia uyasithethelela lesi sinyathelo ngokuthi izwe libhekene "nesimo esiphuthumayo sedijithali" sangempela esiphawulwa yizithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi, ukukhwabanisa ku-inthanethi, kanye nokulutha kwesikrini . Okukhulunywa ngakho akusikho nje ukuvikelwa kwezingane ezincane, kodwa futhi nesidingo sokuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zithwale umthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu ekuphatheni amapulatifomu azo.
Yini ezoshintsha e-Indonesia futhi izoqala nini?
Iziphathimandla zimemezele ukuthi kusukela ngoMashi 28, ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 azoqala ukungasebenzi kumapulatifomu ahlukaniswe ngokuthi "ingozi ephezulu ." Lolu hlu luhlanganisa izinsizakalo ezisetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-YouTube, i-TikTok, i-Facebook, i-Instagram, i-Threads, i-X (eyayikade iyi-Twitter), uhlelo lokusebenza lokusakaza bukhoma i-Bigo Live, kanye nomdlalo odumile we-inthanethi i-Roblox, phakathi kwabanye.
Ngokusho kohlelo olukhishwe yi-Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs, ukuvinjelwa ngeke kuqaliswe ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa kuzokwenziwa ngezigaba kuze kube yilapho zonke izinkundla zihambisana nezidingo ezintsha . Uhlelo lubeka ukuthi izinkampani kumele zilungise izinhlelo zazo zokuqinisekisa ubudala kanye nokuhlola ubungozi ngaphambi kokubhekana nezijeziso ezinzima kakhulu.
Uhulumeni uqobo uyavuma ukuthi lesi sinqumo singadala ukucasuka nokumelana: uyavuma ukuthi lesi sinyathelo "singase sibangele ukungakhululeki kokuqala" kokubili kubasebenzisi kanye nezinkampani . Noma kunjalo, ungqongqoshe ophethe, uMeutya Hafid, uphikelela ngokuthi uhulumeni "akanakuma angenzi lutho" ngenkathi ikusasa labantwana lilawulwa yizimo zedijithali abangalawuli.
I-Indonesia, enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-270 kanye nenye yezindawo ezixhumene kakhulu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia , isibe yimakethe ebalulekile yezinkundla zokuxhumana nezokuzijabulisa. Amashumi ezigidi zezingane asebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nemidlalo eku-inthanethi nsuku zonke, okwandisa ubukhulu boshintsho lomthetho olucatshangelwayo manje.
Empeleni, umthetho omusha uzosho ukuthi ama-akhawunti ahlonzwe njengawabantwana abancane azovinjelwa noma avinjelwe kuye ngezinga lobungozi lensizakalo ngayinye , okuphoqa izinkampani ukuthi zibuyekeze izizindalwazi zazo zabasebenzisi kanye nezindlela zokubhalisa.
Zichazwa kanjani izinkundla zobungozi futhi kuzoba nemingcele yobudala emiphi?
Uhlaka olusha lwezomthetho lwase-Indonesia luveza uhlelo lokuhlukanisa ezingeni lengozi lwezinkundla zokuxhumana, imidlalo, kanye nezinsizakalo zedijithali ezihilela ukusebenzisana kwabasebenzisi . Isigaba "esinobungozi obukhulu" sizofaka amapulatifomu lapho kulula ukuxhumana nabantu ongabazi, kukhona ukuchayeka okukhulu kokuqukethwe kocansi noma kobudlova, ubuthakathaka ekuvikelweni kwedatha yomuntu siqu, noma amathuba amakhulu okulutha.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imithethonqubo isungula izigaba ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala . Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-13 zizokhawulelwa kumasevisi aklanyelwe ngqo izingane futhi ngemvume ecacile yabazali noma abanakekeli bazo, ngaphandle kokufinyelela kumapulatifomu anemiyalezo yangaphakathi noma ukuxhumana okuvulekile nabanye abasebenzisi.
Kubantu abaneminyaka engu-13-16 ubudala, le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: bazokwazi ukusebenzisa amanethiwekhi abhekwa “njengengozi ephansi” futhi ahlala egunyaziwe ngabantu abadala . Lokhu kushiya umnyango uvulekele ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zemfundo noma izinsizakalo zomphakathi ezilawulwa kakhulu ukuthi zihlale zitholakala, kuyilapho izinkampani ezinkulu zokuzijabulisa kanye namapulatifomu evidiyo amafushane kuzobe kungavunyelwe nhlobo.
UNgqongqoshe uHafid ugcizelele ukuthi inhloso eyinhloko “ukubuyisela ukulawula ikusasa lezingane zethu” kanye “nokwenza ubuchwepheshe bube nobuntu ,” ukuze ukwakheka kwamapulatifomu kungasabeki phambili kuphela ukwandisa isikhathi sesikrini kanye nokusebenzisana njalo.
Ukuze kunqunywe izinga lengozi yenethiwekhi ngayinye, uHulumeni uzoncika ezindinganisweni eziningana zobuchwepheshe nezokuqukethwe: kusukela kumathuluzi okubika nokuhlola atholakalayo kuya endleleni amavidiyo nezincwadi ezinconywa ngayo, kuya endleleni idatha yabantwana egcinwa futhi iphathwa ngayo.
Izizathu zokuvinjelwa: kusukela ezithombeni ezingcolile kuya empilweni yengqondo
Ezitatimendeni ezisemthethweni, uMnyango Wezokuxhumana wase-Indonesia uchaze ngokucacile izizathu zalokhu kungenelela. Uhlu lwezingozi luhlanganisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile, ukuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi, ukukhwabanisa kwedijithali, ulwazi olungesilo iqiniso, kanye nokulutha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana - konke lokhu, ngokusho kweziphathimandla, okuye kwanda eminyakeni yamuva.
Lokhu kukhathazeka akugcini nje kokuqukethwe okucacile; kuhlanganisa nomthelela wokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwesikrini empilweni yengqondo kanye nokusebenza kwezemfundo kwentsha . Izifundo zomhlaba wonke, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia azicaphuna, zikhomba ukuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa okuphoqelelwe kwezokuxhumana kanye nezimpawu ezandayo zokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nezinkinga zokunaka.
UHafid useze wakhuluma "ngesimo esiphuthumayo sedijithali" sangempela futhi uphikise ngokuthi uHulumeni kumele angenelele ukuze abazali "bangalwi bodwa nama-algorithm giants ." Lesi sitatimende sifingqa kahle umqondo wokudlulisela omunye umthwalo wokulawula kwabazali ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe, okubaphoqa ukuthi baklame kabusha imikhiqizo yabo becabanga ngokuvikela izingane.
Iziphathimandla ziphinde zicaphune ukwanda kokuqukethwe okukhohlisayo, ukugembula okungekho emthethweni, kanye nemikhankaso yolwazi olungesilo iqiniso njengesizathu esengeziwe sokuqinisa uhlaka lokulawula. Eqinisweni, uMnyango wase-Indonesia ugxeke amanye amapulatifomu ngokuthatha isinyathelo engxenyeni encane yokuqukethwe okubikiwe ngemisebenzi engekho emthethweni.
Ezweni lapho ukwamukelwa kwama-smartphone kushesha kakhulu futhi ukufinyelela i-inthanethi kukhula unyaka nonyaka, umuzwa wesikhungo uwukuthi izindlela zokwengamela umndeni zendabuko aziphumelelanga uma kuqhathaniswa nobukhulu kanye nesivinini sezinsizakalo zedijithali zamanje.
Izibopho zamapulatifomu kanye nohlelo lwezinhlawulo
Iphakheji yokulawula evunyiwe idlulela ngale kokubeka umkhawulo weminyaka; ihlanganisa nohlelo lwezibopho nezijeziso eziqondiswe ngqo ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe . Kuzodingeka amapulatifomu ukuze kusetshenziswe izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ubudala ezisebenzayo, kuthuthukiswe izilawuli zabazali, kanye namathuluzi okuhlunga ukuze kuncishiswe ukufinyelela kwezingane kokuqukethwe okubucayi.
Lo mbhalo ubeka ukuthi, uma kwenzeka ukungalandeli imithetho, izinkampani zingabhekana nezinhlawulo, ukumiswa kwenkonzo yesikhashana, ngisho nokuvalwa unomphela kwemisebenzi yazo e-Indonesia . Le ndlela ihlose ukuphoqa izinkampani ezinkulu zedijithali ukuthi zithathe ukuvikelwa kwezingane ngokungathi sína, ngaphansi kosongo lokulahlekelwa ukufinyelela emakethe enabasebenzisi abangamashumi ezigidi.
Inselele enkulu yobuchwepheshe isekuqinisekiseni iminyaka yabasebenzisi ngaphandle kokuqoqa idatha ebucayi ngokweqile . Ochwepheshe bamalungelo edijithali baxwayise ngokuthi izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa kumele zihloniphe izimiso zesidingo kanye nokulingana ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvikelwa kwengane ekubeni, empeleni, isizindalwazi esikhulu esisengozini yokuvuza noma ukusetshenziswa kabi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlaziyi abaningi baveza ukuthi izixazululo zamanje ezisekelwe kuphela ekuzivezeni ubudala azanele , njengoba noma yimuphi umuntu osemusha angaqamba amanga ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa ukuze agweme imikhawulo. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwemibhalo yobunikazi noma izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa ubuqiniso, ukugadwa kwabazali, kanye nemikhawulo yokuklama kuyahlolwa.
Ngokombono wezomnotho, kulindeleke ukumelana okukhulu ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe kulo mkhakha , njengoba izingane nentsha ziphakathi kwezingxenye ezinethuba elikhulu lokukhula kanye nomthelela wokukhangisa wesikhathi eside. Ukulahlekelwa yindawo phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebasha kungaphazamisa amamodeli ebhizinisi akhelwe phezu kwenani elikhulu ledatha kanye nokwenza ngezifiso i-algorithm.
Ukusabela komphakathi kanye nempikiswano yangaphakathi e-Indonesia
Ukusabela kokuqala ezweni kubonisa ukwesekwa okukhulu okuvela kubazali abaningi , ababona ukuvinjelwa njengokukhululeka emzwelweni wokungakwazi ukulawula lokho izingane zabo ezikwenzayo ngamafoni abo. Abanye abazali bachazele abezindaba besifunda ukuthi, naphezu kokubeka imingcele ekhaya, ukucindezela kontanga kanye namasu ezinkundla ngokwazo kwenza noma yimuphi umzamo wokukhawulela umuntu ngamunye ube nzima.
Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abantu abasincoma ngenhliziyo yonke lesi sinyathelo . Abantu abaningana baveza ukuthi ukuvinjelwa okunjalo okubanzi kunganciphisa ukufinyelela kwezingane ezinsizeni zemfundo, izikhala zokuxhumana nabantu okuhle, kanye nokuqukethwe kokudala okuyingxenye yesistimu yedijithali yanamuhla.
Izinhlangano zomphakathi kanye nochwepheshe bezingane baphikise ngokuthi, ngaphezu kokuvinjelwa, kubalulekile ukuqinisa imfundo yedijithali kokubili ezikoleni nasemindenini , ukuze izingane kanye nentsha zithuthukise izindlela zazo zokuhamba ku-inthanethi ngokuphephile.
Elinye iphuzu elibucayi kule mpikiswano liphathelene nomngcele phakathi kokuvikela nokukhawulela inkululeko yokukhuluma . Nakuba lo mthetho uhloselwe ngokusemthethweni izingane ezincane, abanye abahlaziyi besaba ukuthi ukulawula okwengeziwe kungavula umnyango wokuvinjelwa ngokweqile kokuqukethwe noma ukuhlungwa kolwazi okubanzi kakhulu.
Naphezu kwalokhu kungabaza, impikiswano kahulumeni iwukuthi lezi zinyathelo ziyaphuthuma nokuthi, nakuba zingathuthukiswa, zithumela umyalezo ocacile embonini yezobuchwepheshe : izintshisekelo zezentengiselwano azikwazi ukuba ngaphezu kwenhlalakahle yabantwana abancane.
Igagasi lokulawula lomhlaba wonke: kusukela e-Australia kuya e-European Union kanye naseSpain
Isinyathelo sase-Indonesia akufanele sibhekwe sodwa, kodwa njengengxenye yomkhuba wamazwe ngamazwe wokufinyelela "izithiyo zedijithali" ezinkulu ezinganeni ezincane . NgoDisemba, i-Australia yayisivele iphoqe i-TikTok, i-YouTube, namanye amanethiwekhi ukuthi asuse ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-16, okwaholela ekuhoxisweni kwezigidi zamaphrofayili entsha emavikini ambalwa nje.
EYurophu, impikiswano iyaqhubeka ngesivinini esihlukile. IFrance isekele umthethosivivinywa ePhalamende Likazwelonke wokuvimbela ukufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 , kanti i-United Kingdom iqalise izingxoxo zomphakathi ukuze kuhlolwe imibono yentsha nemindeni mayelana nokuvinjelwa okungenzeka noma imikhawulo eqinile.
ISpain izibeke phakathi kwamazwe akhuthele kakhulu kule ngxoxo. Uhulumeni waseSpain uphakamise ithuba lokubeka iminyaka okungenani engu-16 yokusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana , ehlanganisa lo mkhawulo kanye nesibopho esiqondile sabaphathi bezinkampani zobuchwepheshe uma imithetho yokuvikela izingane ingalandelwa.
Okwamanje, ngaphakathi kwe-European Union, iqembu lochwepheshe selisunguliwe ukuze lifunde ukuthi ngabe kuyadingeka yini ukusebenzisa uhlaka olufanayo lokuvimbela noma lokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinkundla zokuxhumana yizingane ezincane . Amazwe afana neDenmark, iGrisi, neSpain ngokwawo acindezela indlela yokulawula ehlanganyelwe ezingeni le-EU.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, amazwe afana neMalaysia ne-India nawo acabangela izinyathelo ezifanayo . IMalaysia ihlola uhlelo lokuhlola olusekelwe ekhadini layo lesizwe (i-MyKad) ukuqinisekisa ubudala, kuyilapho i-India isho inhloso yayo yokuqinisa ukuvikelwa kwezingane ekuhlukunyezweni okuku-inthanethi nokuqukethwe okulimazayo.
Izinselele zobuchwepheshe, zomthetho, kanye nezemfundo ezizayo
Ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo zokuvinjelwa kuvula uhla lwezinselelo ezidlula kakhulu ukudlula umthetho . Ukuqinisekiswa kweminyaka kungenye yezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: ukudinga amadokhumenti asemthethweni noma idatha ye-biometric kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu kobumfihlo, kodwa ukugcina uhlelo lokuzimemezela lwamanje kushiya umnyango uvulekele ukungalandeli imithetho okusabalele.
Ochwepheshe bokuvikela idatha esifundeni basikhumbuza ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuqoqwa kolwazi oluphathelene nezingane kumele kuhambisane ngokuqinile nezindinganiso zesidingo, ukulingana kanye nokuphepha , ukuvimbela izizindalwazi ezinamaphrofayili ezingane ukuthi zibe yizinhloso eziza kuqala zokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezentengiselwano.
Kulindeleke nezingxoxo ezijulile nezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe . Ezinkampanini ezifana ne-Meta , i-ByteDance, ne-Google, ingxenye yentsha iyisihluthulelo sokwethembeka kwamakhasimende isikhathi eside. Ukulahlekelwa yithuba phakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebasha kungaphoqa izinguquko ezinkulu kumamodeli omkhiqizo kanye nemali engenayo ngokusekelwe ekukhangiseni okuqondiwe.
Okwamanje, ohulumeni nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe baphikelela ngokuthi ukuvinjelwa kumele kuhambisane nezinqubomgomo zokufunda ngedijithali . Ukuvimba ukufinyelela kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza akwanele: izinhlelo zemfundo ziyadingeka ukufundisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole kanjani okuqukethwe okudukisayo, baphathe isikhathi sabo sesikrini, futhi bavikele ubumfihlo babo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-Australia kanye nezingxoxo ezivulekile e-European Union zibonisa ukuthi ikusasa lomthethonqubo wedijithali wezingane ezincane lizohlanganisa imithetho eqinile, amathuluzi okulawula ubuchwepheshe kanye nendima enkulu yemindeni nezikole , kugxilwe ekunciphiseni ukulimala ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa ngokuphelele intsha endaweni esevele iyingxenye yeqiniso labo lansuku zonke.
Okuqala ukuvela, njengoba i-Indonesia ingenye yezimo eziphawuleka kakhulu, ukushintsha kwesigaba endleleni amazwe nemiphakathi ebhekana ngayo nokufinyelela kwezingane nentsha ezinkundleni zokuxhumana : kusukela ekuthembeni cishe ngokuphelele ekuzilawuleni kwamapulatifomu, sithuthela esimweni semithetho eqinile, imithwalo yemfanelo ehlanganyelwe, kanye nempikiswano evulekile eYurophu nakwezinye izifunda mayelana nokuthi imikhawulo kufanele ihambe ibanga elingakanani ukuvikela izingane ezincane ngaphandle kokudebeselela amalungelo azo edijithali.
