Impikiswano mayelana neminyaka okufanele izingane ezincane zifinyelele kuyo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ithathe ushintsho olukhulu eYurophu. IPhalamende laseYurophu livumile umbiko wezepolitiki obiza iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16 evumelanayo yokuvula ama-akhawunti ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, izinsizakalo zokwabelana ngamavidiyo, kanye nabangane be-AI kulo lonke i-European Union.
Nakuba umbhalo ungabophi ngokomthetho, uthumela isignali ecacile mayelana nendlela umthethonqubo wedijithali waseYurophu oqondisa ngayo : ukukhawulela ukufinyelela kwezingane ezincane, ukuqinisa izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ubudala, kanye nokunciphisa kakhulu izici ezenzelwe ukuheha intsha ezikrinini. Konke lokhu kugxile empilweni yengqondo kanye nenhlalakahle yezingane nentsha.
Ubuncane beminyaka eyi-16 ngaphandle kwe-13 ne-16.
Umbiko owamukelwe eStrasbourg uphakamisa ukuthi ukufinyelela kwamahhala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kufanele kuvunyelwe kuphela kulabo abaneminyaka engu-16 nangaphezulu e-EU. Phakathi kweminyaka engu-13 no-16, izingane ezincane zingasebenzisa lezi zinkundla kuphela ngemvume ecacile yabazali bazo noma abanakekeli abasemthethweni, kanti kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-13, kuphakanyiswa ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye nezinsizakalo ezifanayo.
Ama-MEP agcizelela ukuthi lo mthetho akufanele usebenze kuphela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zendabuko ezifana ne-TikTok, i-Instagram, i-Facebook, ne-Snapchat, kodwa futhi nasezinkundleni zevidiyo ezifunwayo, izinsizakalo zokwabelana ngeziqeshana, kanye nabangane be-AI abaxhumana nezingane ngengxoxo. Umqondo uwukuthi yonke indawo yedijithali engaba nomthelela kwezenhlalo noma ngokomzwelo ezinganeni kufanele inamathele ohlakeni olulodwa lweminyaka.
Lesi sinqumo sigcizelela ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo wokugcina wokuchaza imikhawulo yobudala ungowezwe ngalinye eliyiLungu , njengoba sekuvele kushiwo kuMthetho Wezinsizakalo Zedijithali (i-DSA). Kodwa-ke, iPhalamende laseYurophu lifuna ukusungula isilinganiso esifanayo: iminyaka eyi-16 njengendinganiso yaseYurophu, enomkhawulo omncane kakhulu weminyaka eyi-13 ngaphansi kwalokho okungafanele kuvunyelwe ukufinyelela ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.
Ukusekelwa kwezepolitiki kusabalele: umbiko uphasiswe ngamavoti angu-483 avumayo, angu-92 aphikisanayo kanye nangu-86 angavumi , iningi elibonisa ukukhathazeka ngokusetshenziswa kwedijithali kwezingane lincipha cishe kulo lonke uhlangothi lwezepolitiki lwaseYurophu.
Izizathu: ukulutheka, impilo yengqondo, kanye nengcindezi yomphakathi ku-inthanethi
IPhalamende laseYurophu liveze ukukhathazeka okujulile ngezingozi empilweni yomzimba neyengqondo yezingane endaweni yedijithali, futhi ubufakazi bokuxhumana okuyimbangela phakathi kwalezi zingozi kanye nokulimala buye bandisa lokhu kukhathazeka. Lo mbhalo uxwayisa ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-algorithms, izaziso eziqhubekayo, kanye nemiklamo ebamba ukunaka, empeleni ehumusha ukusetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana okuphoqelelwe.
Izibalo ezicashunwe emibikweni yePhalamende laseYurophu uqobo zithi: 97% yentsha ixhuma kwi-inthanethi nsuku zonke , kanti 78% yentsha ephakathi kweminyaka eyi-13 neyi-17 ubudala ihlola amadivayisi ayo okungenani kanye ngehora. Oyedwa kwabayizingane ezine ubonisa lokho okubhekwa njengokusetshenziswa kwama-smartphone “okuyinkinga” noma “okungasebenzi kahle”, ngamaphethini afana nokulutha.
Ama-MEP axwayisa ngokuthi lokhu kuguquguquka kuthinta ikhono lokugxila kanye nendlela izingane ezixhumana ngayo nokuqukethwe , okudala ubunzima ekuhlukaniseni, ukwanda kokucindezeleka kanye nomthelela ophawulekayo ekuzithembeni, ikakhulukazi kumanethiwekhi agxile esithombeni nasekuthandweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbiko uqokomisa ukuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi, ukuchayeka kokuqukethwe okungafanele ubudala , kanye nengcindezi yomphakathi ezinkundleni lapho impumelelo ilinganiswa khona ngabalandeli, ukuthandwa, kanye nokubukwa njengesizathu sokukhathazeka. Ngokusho kwe-Eurobarometer, abantu abangaphezu kuka-90% baseYurophu bakubona kuphuthuma ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuvikela izingane ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nomthelela wezokuxhumana empilweni yengqondo kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ku-inthanethi.
Ngamazwi omlobi wombiko, iLungu lePhalamende uChristel Schaldemose, umgomo uwukubeka imingcele ecacile kumapulatifomu angaklanyelwe izingane nokuvimba lokho abaningi abakubheka "njengokuhlolwa" kwezigidi zezingane ezincane njengezifundo zokuhlolwa.
Vimbela ukuskrola okungapheli nezinye izici eziluthayo
Ngaphezu kweminyaka ephansi, iPhalamende laseYurophu licela izinguquko ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwamapulatifomu ukuze ayeke ukuthembela ezindleleni ezikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okuphoqelekile. Phakathi kwezinyathelo eziphakanyisiwe kukhona ukwenqatshelwa kwemikhuba ebangela umlutha kakhulu kanye nokuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo kwezinye izici ezidonsela ukunaka kwezingane ezincane.
Phakathi kwala mathuluzi, ama-MEP akhuluma ngokukhethekile ngokuskrola okungenamkhawulo, amavidiyo adlala ngokuzenzakalela, ukulayisha kabusha okuqukethwe njalo lapho uswayipha , ama-loop omvuzo, i-gamification enolaka, kanye namabhokisi e-loot noma amabhokisi okumangala atholakala emidlalweni yevidiyo nasezinkundleni zokusakaza. Konke lokhu kubhekwa njengokuguquguquka okukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bachithe amahora amaningi ku-inthanethi cishe ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
Kuphakanyiswa futhi ukuthi kukhawulelwe noma kuvinjelwe izinhlelo zokuncoma ezisekelwe ekubhaleni nasekusebenzisaneni lapho kukhulunywa ngabasebenzisi abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala, ukuze ama-algorithm angaqhubeki nokubacindezela kokuqukethwe, yize kungabagcina, okungaba yingozi noma okungafanele kubo.
Emkhakheni wokukhangisa, iPhalamende libiza izinyathelo zokulwa nobuchwepheshe obukholisayo obusetshenziswa ukuthonya ukuziphatha kwezingane . Lokhu kufaka phakathi izikhangiso ezenzelwe wena, ukumaketha okuthonya izingane, kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "amaphethini amnyama" - imiklamo yesikhombimsebenzisi ekhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bachofoze, bathenge, noma bahlale bengene ngemvume.
Amapulatifomu evidiyo aku-inthanethi kanye nezinsizakalo zemidlalo nazo ziyahlolwa: kunezimemezelo zokuphoqelela ngokuqinile uMthetho Wezinsizakalo Zedijithali kanye nokuvimbela izinto ezifana namabhokisi emivuzo angahleliwe noma izimali ezingokoqobo ezikhuthaza ukuhlala uxhumene isikhathi eside ukuze uthole izinzuzo.
Ukuqinisekiswa kweminyaka yobudala kanye nokuziphendulela kwamapulatifomu amakhulu
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke lezi zinyathelo azihlali ziyisimemezelo nje senhloso, iPhalamende laseYurophu lisekela isinyathelo seKhomishini yaseYurophu sokuthuthukisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokuqinisekisa ubudala emphakathini wonke kanye nesikhwama sobunikazi bedijithali saseYurophu esivumela ukuqinisekiswa kobudala okuthembekile ku-inthanethi.
Amalungu ePhalamende laseYurophu agcizelela ukuthi lezi zinhlelo kumele zihloniphe ubumfihlo bezingane , zinciphise inani ledatha eqoqwe, futhi zivimbele ukuthi zingabi amathuluzi okuqapha ngobuningi. Noma kunjalo, bakholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba nezindlela eziqinile zokuvimbela ingane eneminyaka engu-11 noma engu-12 ubudala ukuthi idale i-akhawunti ngokumane ikhethe ibhokisi.
Lo mbhalo uphinde uxwayise ngokuthi ukuba khona kwamathuluzi okuqinisekisa akuzikhululi izinkundla zomthwalo wazo . Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi izinsizakalo zazo ziphephile futhi zihambisana nobudala "ngokuklama," ngaphandle kokuthembela kuphela kuzilawuli zabazali noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle.
Okunye okutholwe ngumbiko ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abaphathi abaphezulu bezinkampani zedijithali babe necala mathupha ezimweni zokwephulwa okukhulu nokuphindaphindiwe kwezibopho zokuvikela izingane kanye nokuqinisekiswa kweminyaka. Lo mbono usikisela ukuthi akuyona inkampani ngokwayo kuphela, kodwa nabaphathi bayo, abangabhekana nemiphumela uma imithetho inganakwa ngendlela ehlelekile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-MEP aphakamisa ukukhipha emakethe yaseYurophu lawo mawebhusayithi nezinsizakalo ezingahambisani nemithethonqubo ye-EU yokuvikela izingane ezincane, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu kumapulatifomu angewona awe-EU asebenza ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa izinhlelo zawo nezindinganiso zaseYurophu.
Usongo lokukhiqiza i-AI kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezentengiselwano kwezingane
Umbiko wePhalamende laseYurophu awugcini nje ngemidiya yezenhlalo yendabuko, kodwa futhi unikeza isikhala esikhulu ezingozini zobuhlakani bokwenziwa obukhiqizayo kanye nama-chatbot ahambisana nawo . Ama-MEP akhuluma ngokwanda kwezicelo ezikwazi ukudala izithombe ezishintshiwe ngaphandle kwemvume, kufaka phakathi izigcawu zobunqunu ezibandakanya izingane, ngokusebenzisa ama-deepfake.
IPhalamende laseYurophu licela izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zokubhekana nala mathuluzi , liphawula ukuthi amacala asevele etholakele lapho esetshenziswa khona ukukhiqiza izinto zocansi zezingane ezincane, esikhundleni sobuso noma imizimba ngaphandle kwemvume. Okwengeziwe kulokhu ukwesaba ukuthi ama-ejenti engxoxo ye-AI azogcina ethathe indawo yokuxhumana kwangempela komphakathi, ngamacala aqoshiwe abantu abasha, ngemuva kwezingxoxo ezinde nezinhlelo ze-AI, abaye baba nokuziphatha okuzilimazayo noma okunobudlova.
Okunye ukuvuleleka kwebhizinisi ukuxhashazwa kwezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-100 ku-inthanethi . Amalungu ePhalamende laseYurophu agxile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-kidfluencers ," izingane ezikhiqiza okuqukethwe okuxhaswe futhi ezingaba umthombo wemali engenayo kubantu besithathu. IPhalamende lifuna ukuvinjelwa kwamapulatifomu anikeza izikhuthazo zezimali ezikhuthaza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lapho kuhilela izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-100.
Lokhu kukhathazeka kuyingxenye yokuzindla kabanzi ngokuthi umnotho wokunaka kanye nokukhangisa okwenziwe ngezifiso kuncike kanjani kudatha kanye nokuba sengozini ngokomzwelo kwentsha. Ngakho-ke, abenzi bomthetho baseYurophu bafuna ushintsho ekugxileni, lapho ukuvikelwa kwezingane kuqala khona kunezilinganiso zokuzibandakanya kanye nemali engenayo yokukhangisa.
Kulesi simo, uMongameli weKhomishini yaseYurophu, u-Ursula von der Leyen, kanye nabanye abaholi be-EU bakhulume nge- Australia njengesibonelo sokuqinisa imithetho , kulandela ukuvunyelwa komthetho odinga ukuvimbela ukufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16 ezisongelwa ngezinhlawulo ezinkulu, futhi osebenza njengereferensi yezingxoxo eziqhubekayo e-EU.
ISpain namanye amazwe ase-Europe azihlanganisa nenkambiso entsha
Ngesikhathi iBrussels ixoxa ngohlaka oluvamile, amazwe amaningana aseYurophu asevele ethatha izinyathelo ngendlela efanayo. Endabeni yaseSpain, uhulumeni ukhuthaze umthetho wokuvikela izingane endaweni yedijithali , phakathi kwezinye izinyathelo, ohlela nokukhulisa iminyaka yobudala ibe yi-16 yokudala iphrofayili yezokuxhumana.
Lo mthetho waseSpain uhlanganisa iphakheji ebanzi yezenzo: ukudinga amadivayisi ezobuchwepheshe ukuthi avele efektri enezinhlelo zokulawula zabazali , ukusungula imiyalo yokuvimbela engokoqobo ngokumelene nabahlukumezi abaku-inthanethi, kanye nokujezisa ukudalwa nokusatshalaliswa kwezithombe zocansi zezingane ezikhiqizwe ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa ngezigwebo zasejele ezifika eminyakeni emibili.
Uhulumeni ucele ukuvumelana okubanzi kwephalamende ukuze kuphasiswe lo mthetho, futhi ufune nokuzibophezela okucacile okuvela ezinkampanini ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ukuthi zibambisane ngenkuthalo ekunciphiseni izingozi ezivela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kwamanethiwekhi nezinye izinsizakalo zedijithali yintsha kanye nentsha.
Ngale kweSpain, impikiswano ngomkhawulo weminyaka yokufinyelela ezinkundleni zokuxhumana iye yanda emazweni afana neFrance, iJalimane, i-Italy, iBelgium noma iNetherlands, ngalinye linezindlela zalo kodwa linesici esifanayo: izilawuli ezengeziwe, ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe kanye nendawo encane yokufinyelela okungenamkhawulo kwezingane ezincane.
Okwamanje, izinhlolovo nezifundo zibonisa ukuthi iningi elikhulu lezakhamuzi zaseYurophu lisekela ukwamukelwa kwezinyathelo eziqinile zokuvikela izingane ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa umthelela omubi wezokuxhumana empilweni yengqondo, ukwanda kokuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi, kanye nokuntuleka kwezihlungi ezisebenzayo zokuvimba okuqukethwe okungafanele iminyaka yazo.
Konke kusikisela ukuthi isiphakamiso sokubeka iminyaka ephansi yezokuxhumana e-EU ibe yi-16 , ehambisana nochungechunge lwemikhawulo ekuklanyweni okuluthayo kanye nezidingo zokuqinisekiswa kweminyaka, sizobumba izinqubomgomo zedijithali zaseYurophu eminyakeni ezayo. Nakuba okwamanje kuyisinqumo esingabophi, umyalezo ucacile: amapulatifomu afisa ukusebenza eYurophu kuzodingeka aklame kabusha ubudlelwano bawo nezingane ezincane, futhi amazwe angamalungu, kufaka phakathi iSpain, asevele elungiselela ukuhumusha lezi ziqondiso zibe yimithetho eqondile kanye nezilawuli eziqinile kakhulu kunalezo ezikhona njengamanje.
