La Isishayamthetho esiphezulu sase-China Njengamanje uhulumeni uhlaziya umthethosivivinywa ohlose ukulawula kanye nokwenza lula ukuhwebelana kwe-e-commerce, okudlondlobala kakhulu ezweni. Lo mthethosivivinywa usubuyekeziwe izishayamthetho futhi okwamanje usacutshungulwa. ukufunda kokuqala.
Ngokusho kukaLyu Zushan, iPhini likaMqondisi weKomidi Lezezimali Nezomnotho leNPC, Ukuthuthuka kwe-Ecommerce eChina wembula izikhala zokulawula kanye nezindawo okufanele zenziwe ngcono ekusebenzeni. Uhlaka olusha lufuna khulisa ukukhulaukugcina ukuhleleka kwemakethe nokuvikela amalungelo omthengiukulinganisa ngempumelelo i imisebenzi eku-inthanethi nengaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kanye nokuqinisa i ukuphepha kokwenziwe.
Ngaphansi kwephrojekthi, konke Abasebenza nge-ecommerce kufanele bakhokhe intelaukuba nabo izitifiketi zebhizinisi futhi uqinisekise i- ukuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siquAbahlulekayo ukuthobela lokho bazobhekana nakho izinhlawulo ezifika ku-500.000 yuan kanye nokuhoxiswa kwelayisensi okungenzeka, ngaphezu kwezibopho eziqinisiwe impahla yengqondo.
I-China namuhla iyinhlangano imakethe enkulu ye-e-commerce zomhlaba. Izibalo ezisemthethweni zibeka umthamo we Ezomnotho eChina emazingeni amashumi ezigidigidi zama-yuan, nengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthengisa esevele ifakwe kwidijithali. Abathengisi abakhulu njenge Alibaba Babonise inani eliphelele lezimpahla zobukhulu obukhulu, okubonisa izinga lemakethe. UMnyango Wezohwebo ulinganisela ukuthi I-ecommerce ewela umngcele Imele ingxenye ekhulayo yohwebo lwangaphandle lwezwe.
Izinqubomgomo namalayisense: I-FICE, i-ICP ne-VATS
Ngasohlangothini lokulawula, i-China ibilokhu inika amandla indawo ecace kakhudlwana ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle ezitolo eziku-inthanethi ngokusebenzisa i- Amabhizinisi atshalwe imali kwamanye amazwe (FICE)engathatha isimo se I-WFOE o uhambo oluhlanganisileUma inkundla ihlinzeka ngamasevisi ezinkampanini zangaphandle, iwela ngaphansi kobubanzi be... Amasevisi ezokuxhumana engeziwe e-Value-added telecommunications (VATS), nezimfuneko eziphathelene nephesenti lokutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, isipiliyoni sokusebenza y isabelomali esincane semali.
Mayelana nobukhona bedijithali, uhlaka luhlukanisa phakathi Abahlinzeki besevisi yolwazi lwe-inthanethi Ezohwebo nezingezona ezohwebo. Amapulatifomu ukuthi yenza imali ngamasevisi abantu besithathu bayadinga Ilayisensi ye-ICP kusuka ku-MIIT, kuyilapho amabhizinisi athengisa imikhiqizo yawo kuphela ngokuvamile adinga Ukubhaliswa kwe-ICP (备案) uma isayithi lakho lisingathwe e-China. Lo mehluko ube yisihluthulelo sokuhambisa ukukhula ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ukuphepha kolwazi.
Imithetho yezinkundla nemisebenzi
Amakhodi omkhakha njenge Amazinga Wezinkundla Zokwenziwe Ku-inthanethi (OTPS) futhi i Amazinga e-Online Transaction Services (OTS). Bachaza kabanzi izibopho zamapulatifomu: ukusungula imithetho yokuthengiselana ehambisana noMthetho Wenkontileka, qinisekisa ukuthi ukuqhubeka kwenkonzo, qondisa i imininingwane eshicilelwe, sebenzisana ku ukuphathwa kwezingxabano futhi uvikele Ubumfihlo kanye ne-IP.
I-Administration of Industry and Commerce (manje isihlanganisiwe ku I-SAMR) setha izimfuneko ezengeziwe (bheka izinguquko emthethweni omusha wabathengi): uhlelo lwe igama langempela kubathengisi, isibonisi esibonakalayo ulwazi olucacile ngamalayisensi intengo, ikhwalithi, ukuthunyelwa, izinkokhelo kanye nembuyiselo, futhi ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi isikhathi eside. Okwamafomethi anjenge ukuthengwa kweqembu, izilawuli eziqinisiwe ziyadingeka ngaphezulu isimo somphakeli, ikhwalithi y ukukhushulwa.
Ukuvikelwa kwabathengi, idatha kanye ne-cybersecurity
Ukuvikelwa kwabathengi kunwetshiwe ngenxa yamamodeli amasha afana nalawa ukusakazwa bukhoma futhi i ezentengiselwano zomphakathiIziphathimandla zibone ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwezikhalazo ezihanjiswe ngohlelo lwe-12315. izinga eliphansi, Isevisi ekhawulelwe yangemuva kokuthengisa o ulimi lwebhizinisi olunolaka, ukukhuthaza izindlela zokuphatha lezi zinkundla njenge ezokuhweba ngekhompyutha kuzo zonke izinhloso nezinhloso.
Ngokufanayo, i- ubumfihlo (bheka Ukuphepha kwewebhusayithi ye-e-commerce): ibe Imvume kumele icace, nge ukugunyazwa okuhlukene Ngedatha ebucayi (i-biometric, ezempilo, ezezimali). Kudingeka ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi okwenziwayo okungenani iminyaka emithathu, iziteshi zezikhalazo ezifinyelelekayo kanye nesibopho sokuthatha ukulungiswa, ukushintshwa kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali ngaphandle kwemigomo nemibandela ehlukumezayo. Imikhuba efana nokuthi “khetha inkundla eyodwa"bavinjelwe."
Ezikhathini zamuva nje, imigalagala efana ne Usuku lwabathengi Baye baveza imikhuba emibi, kusukela ukuqoqwa kwedatha engekho emthethweni (kufakwe i-biometrics) kuze kube ukukhangisa ukudukisa ezigabeni ezibucayi, okuqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukwengamela kokulawula.
Ukuncintisana, izintengo nama-algorithms
La I-SAMR wethule imithethonqubo yesikhashana ukuze kunqandwe ukuncintisana okungalungile ku-inthanethi, ehlanganisa ukukhangisa ukudukisa, buyekeza ukukhohlisa futhi i ukusetshenziswa kabi kwama-algorithms. Iyaqiniswa umthwalo wezingxenyekazi Ukuze uvimbele, uthole futhi ubike imikhuba engajwayelekile, inqubo iyashesha ukuphathwa kwecala futhi ziyacaca izibopho zomthetho, okuhlanganisa nokuthathwa kwe izinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni.
Ngokusho amananiI-NDRC icindezela imithetho ye obala zokukhushulwa, izibonelelo, kanye nokuphathwa kwe amanani aguqukayo y ukucwasa okusekelwe kudatha enkuluUkubeka ukuthengisa ngaphansi kwezindleko akuvunyelwe, futhi uhlelo luhlelelwe ukubonisana nomphakathi ngaphambi kokutholwa kokugcina, nokuma okuqinile maqondana namapulatifomu amakhulu kanye ukuziphatha okungahambisani nokuncintisana.
Ukukhokhela intela nokuhweba
Entelani, umthetho ucacile: imithetho yentela Zisetshenziswa ngokufanayo emabhizinisini bendabuko kanye online, okuhlanganisa nezinkampani ezinotshalomali bakwamanye amazwe. Igunya likuphishekele izifanekiselo yokugwema, egcizelela isidingo soku ukukhokha, amarekhodi accounting nokuhambisana. Mayelana ne-e-commerce ewela umngcele, ukuthuthukiswa kuyathuthukiswa ku ezokuthutha kanye nempahla, ukushintshisana kolwazi kanye nokwamukelwa kwe invoyisi ye-elekthronikhi.
Usayizi wemakethe kanye ne-ecosystem
El Imakethe ye-e-commerce yaseShayina Ikhiqiza imali engenayo yesikali esingenakuqhathaniswa, nemidondoshiya efana Alibaba y JD.comnamamodeli amasha njenge I-Pinduoduo futhi i Ngqo kuMthengiInani elihlukanisayo lisekuhlanganiseni: inkundla yokukhokha (Alipay), ukuphawula (Cainiao) namasevisi ahlela ukuzizwisa axhunyiweIsisindo sesiteshi sedijithali siyasondela, futhi sidlula ngisho, ingxenye yokuthengisa, nge ukuwela umngcele ukuthola isabelo semakethe ngaphakathi kohwebo lwangaphandle lukazwelonke.
I-China ifuna ukulawula i-e-commerce. Uhulumeni waseBeijing ufuna ukuchaza uhlaka olusha lwezomthetho lwezohwebo eziku-inthanethi, olubhekene nokuthuthuka kwangempela ezweni. Yini eyaziwayo mayelana nokusalungiswa kukhomba ekuthuthukisweni kwe... obala ekuthengeni kwe amapulatifomu aphesheya kakade qinisa kokubili ukuvikelwa kwabathengi njenge ukuncintisana fairEzimisweni zakamuva ze-NPC, u-Lyu Zushan uveze ukuthi imboni idlula i- 20 trillion yuan nokuthi ukuthengisa okuku-inthanethi sekuvele kumele ingxenye ebalulekile yenani eliphelele. UMnyango Wezohwebo ukulindele lokho I-ecommerce ewela umngcele Ifinyelela kumathriliyoni amaningana ama-yuan futhi imele ingxenye enkulu yohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwezwe.
I-State Administration for Market Regulation inemithetho ecacisiwe yokuthi imikhuba engalungile, indima ye amapulatifomu digital futhi i isicelo ngempumelelo yamacala; Okwamanje, i-NDRC inezilinganiso ezihlongozwayo ze amanani ezisekelweni leso sidingo ukucaca okuphelele, khawula i ukubandlululwa kwe-algorithmic futhi uqinise ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Konke lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo lapho emisha y ukuthobela Baqhubeke bebambene.
