Eminyakeni emithathu nje kuphela, amapulatifomu edijithali I-Alibaba isizisungule njengesiteshi esibalulekile sezinkampani zaseSpain sokufaka imikhiqizo yazo eShayina.Umbiko olungiselelwe yi-SDA Bocconi School of Management ubala ibhizinisi elenzelwe lesi sikhulu sase-Asia ngamabhiliyoni, okubeka iSpain phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu athola okuningi kulezi zimakethe.
Ucwaningo, olunesihloko esithi “Umnikelo wezimakethe zedijithali ze-Alibaba emnothweni waseYurophu kanye nentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe esimeme yama-SME”, lubonisa ukuthi Amabhizinisi aseSpain aphumelele ukuthengisa isamba sama-euro ayizigidigidi ezingu-2.572 eShayina phakathi kuka-2022 no-2024 ngenxa uhlelo lweqembuLesi sibalo sinikeza umbono wokuthi isiteshi esiku-inthanethi sesibe yisivikelo sokwenziwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwemikhiqizo kanye nama-SME, ngaphandle kwalokho, obekuzoba nzima kakhulu ukufinyelela kumthengi waseShayina.
ISpain ithengise ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-2.500 eChina
Ngokusho kombiko, inani eliphelele lokuthengiselana - i-Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) eyaziwayo - Izinkampani zaseSpain ezithengisela abathengi baseShayina ngamapulatifomu ahlukahlukene e-Alibaba zifinyelele ku-€2.572 billion phakathi kuka-2022 no-2024Lokhu akuyona ivolumu eyenzeka kanye kuphela, kodwa umkhuba oye wahlangana phakathi nesikhathi esihlaziyiwe.
Kuphela ngo-2024, Ukuthengiswa kwaseSpain okuphethwe ngalezi zimakethe kufinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingu-895Ngamanye amazwi, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yebhizinisi eliqoqwe eminyakeni emithathu yagxila onyakeni wezimali odlule, okubonisa kokubili ukuvuthwa kwemikhiqizo kulezi ziteshi kanye nokujwayelana okukhulayo kwe- Umthengi waseShayina ngesipho saseYurophu, futhi ikakhulukazi, ngesipho saseSpain.
Lo mbhalo ugcizelela ukuthi Lokhu kuthengisa kwenziwa kakhulu ngamapulatifomu amakhulu e-B2C asebenza e-Alibaba eShayina., nge ITaobao neTmall njengezinto ezivelele. Lezi zikhangiso zedijithali zivumela izinkampani zaseSpain ezinobukhulu obuhlukene kakhulu ukuthi zithengise ngqo kumakhasimende okugcina, zinciphise abalamuli futhi zinqobe izithiyo eziningi zendabuko zokungena kwezentengiselwano ezibonakalayo.
Kwamabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi, Ukubonakala kanye nobukhulu obunikezwa yi-ecosystem ye-Alibaba bekungeke kutholakale ngokwabo.. Ukuhlanganisa amathuluzi wokumakethaIzinhlelo zokukhokha ezenzelwe abasebenzisi baseShayina kanye nezixazululo zezokuthutha ezihlanganisiwe zenza lesi siphakamiso sikhange kakhulu amabhizinisi afuna ukukhula ngaphandle kwemakethe yawo yasekhaya ngaphandle kokutshala imali enkulu yokuqala.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, iSpain iqinisa isikhundla sayo njenge- "ingxenye ebalulekile" ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-e-commerce lwaseYurophu oluqondiswe eShayina, besebenzisa ingqalasizinda yemakethe yeqembu laseShayina ukuze babeke umkhiqizo wabo kwenye yezimakethe ezincintisana kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-China eYurophu kubuye kabusha nge-Alibaba
Uma ukugxila kunwetshwa kuyo yonke i-European Union, Izinkampani zaseYurophu zithengisele abathengi baseShayina izimpahla ezibiza ama-€89.300 billion phakathi kuka-2022 no-2024 zisebenzisa amapulatifomu e-Alibaba.Lesi sibalo sibeka leli qembu njengenye yezinto ezibangela lokhu ukuhweba ngedijithali phakathi kweYurophu neShayina ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa.
Umehluko phakathi kokuvela kwezentengiselwano zendabuko uyamangalisa: Phakathi kuka-2023 no-2024, ukuthengiswa kwe-Alibaba kusuka eYurophu kuya eShayina kwanda ngo-7,2%.Khonamanjalo, inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eYurophu ezweni lase-Asia lehle ngo-4,9% phakathi nenkathi efanayo. Ngenkathi isiteshi esibonakalayo simile noma sehla, ukuhweba ngedijithali kuqhubeke nokukhula kwayo okuhle.
Ucwaningo lukhomba ukuthi Ukuthengiswa kwe-China eYurophu ngamapulatifomu e-B2C e-Alibaba “kuyinjini enkulu yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe”.Ikakhulukazi iTaobao neTmall, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zaseNtshonalanga ezikhona ohlelweni lwemvelo zigxile khona. Lokhu kuhambisana neminye imigqa yebhizinisi ehambisanayo yaleli qembu eqinisa ukuba khona kwalo eYurophu e-Asia.
Phakathi kwale misebenzi eyengeziwe, okulandelayo kuyagqama, ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ukuthengiswa kwaseYurophu ezimakethe zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngokusebenzisa LazadaNgakolunye uhlangothi, inkampani engaphansi kwaleli qembu kuleso sifunda, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthelela wezomnotho wezokuvakasha zaseShayina eYurophu uphethwe yiFliggy, ipulatifomu yokuhamba eku-inthanethi ye-Alibaba. Zombili lezi zindlela zandisa ukufinyelela kwezentengiselwano kanye nezinsizakalo ezixhunywe ezinkampanini ze-EU.
Kweziyisithupha zezomnotho ezinkulu zaseYurophu ezihlaziyiwe, Umsebenzi oqhutshwa yi-Alibaba phakathi kuka-2022 no-2024 ukhiqize u-€38.600 billion emnikelweni kwi-GDPNgaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2024 kuphela, lolu hlelo lokusebenza lusize ekusekeleni imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-143.000, okubeka izimakethe zedijithali njengomdlali obalulekile emakethe yezabasebenzi yaseYurophu.
Umthelela ku-GDP yaseSpain kanye nokuqashwa kwabantu
Endabeni yaseSpain, umbiko uchaza ngokuqondile umthelela wokuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kwamanye amazwe eShayina naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimali kwezivakashi zaseShayina ezihambela kuleli zweUma sihlanganisa yonke le misebenzi ehlobene ne-ecosystem ye-Alibaba, umnikelo kwi-GDP kazwelonke ufinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.410 phakathi kuka-2022 no-2024.
Lo mbhalo uphinde uthi ku- Imisebenzi engu-7.349 iyaqhubeka eSpain ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezentengiselwano ze-inthanethi nezokuvakashaLokhu kuwumsebenzi osabalele ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ochungechungeni lwenani: kusukela kumikhiqizo nabakhiqizi ngokwabo kuya kubasebenzi bezokuthutha, abathengisi, izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezinsizakalo zezivakashi.
Ngamagatsha omsebenzi, Izigaba eziqhuba ukuthengiswa okuningi kweSpain nge-Alibaba yizimpahla zemfashini, izingubo, kanye nezesikhumba.okubalwa u-69% wesamba. Lolu cwaningo luphinde luqokomise ukubaluleka okukhulayo kwemikhiqizo yobuhle kanye nomkhakha wamakhemikhali, omelela cishe u-9% webhizinisi.
Le mininingwane iphakamisa ukuthi Izinzuzo zokuncintisana zaseSpain, emehlweni omthengi waseShayina, okwamanje zigxile emikhiqizweni yokuklama, ikhwalithi ebonakalayo, kanye nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.Imfashini, izicathulo, izesekeli, kanye nemikhiqizo yezimonyo ithole endaweni ye-Alibaba umbukiso obanzi wokuzihlukanisa emakethe egcwele izinketho zasendaweni nezamazwe ngamazwe.
Kwamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi amaningi kule mikhakha, Ukungena eShayina ngeTaobao, Tmall, kanye nezinye izinkundla zamaqembu kusebenza njengendlela emfushane yokuthola izinga lomhlaba wonke.Esikhundleni sokwakha amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa angokoqobo kusukela ekuqaleni noma ukutshala imali ezingqalasizinda eziyinkimbinkimbi, bangathembela kumathuluzi asevele ekhona kanye nesisekelo sabasebenzisi esibalelwa emakhulwini ezigidi.
Ukuzulazula kanye nokwanda kwezokuvakasha zaseShayina eSpain
Lolu cwaningo alugcini nje ngokuhlaziya ukuhweba ngezimpahla, kodwa lunikezela isigaba esithile ku- I-Fliggy, i-ejensi yezokuvakasha eku-inthanethi ye-Alibaba, kanye nendima yayo njengendlela yokudlulisela izivakashi zaseShayina eYurophuLe nkundla isibe yindlela yokulinganisa yabahambi abahlela ukubhukha kwabo izindiza, izindawo zokuhlala kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho lapho beya khona.
Ngo 2024, Izivakashi zaseShayina ezazisebenzisa iFliggy zaqoqa cishe izikhathi ezingu-470.000 zokulala eSpainLokhu kumelela ukwanda okungu-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Lokhu kuchuma kwezokuvakasha eziphethwe ngedijithali kunomthelela oqondile kwezomnotho emahhotela, emafulethini ezivakashi, ezitolo nasezindaweni zokudlela.
Umbiko ulinganisela ukuthi Lo msebenzi wezokuvakasha oxhumene neFliggy ukhiqize umnikelo kwi-GDP yaseSpain wama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-155 ngo-2024.Ngale kwesibalo sonke, umthelela ubonakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile nasezindaweni lapho abahambi baseShayina beba khona kakhulu, kusukela emadolobheni amakhulu kuya ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi abakhanga kakhulu ngamasiko noma ezitolo.
Ngomkhakha wezokuvakasha waseSpain, Ukubonakala kubekwe kahle ezinkundleni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eShayina kubalulekile uma ufuna ukuthola ingxenye ebalulekile yalokhu kugeleza.Ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala, uhambo olubhukhiwe, noma ngisho nezindawo lapho kuthengwa khona kuthonywa kakhulu yilokho okubonakala kulezi zicelo.
Ukuguquguquka kwezokuvakasha kwedijithali nakho kusho ukuthi Idumela eliku-inthanethi kanye nokubuyekezwa komsebenzisi kuba yinto enqumayo emncintiswaneniLokhu kuphoqa amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, nezitolo ukuthi zivumelane hhayi nje kuphela ngolimi noma izindlela zokukhokha, kodwa futhi nasekuphatheni ukuba khona kwazo ezinkundleni ezifana neFliggy.
ILazada kanye nesango eliya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Ngale kweShayina, umbiko we-SDA Bocconi School of Management ugxile ku amathuba avulekela izinkampani zaseSpain eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngeLazadaIpulatifomu enkulu ye-e-commerce ye-Alibaba kuleso sifunda.
Izimakethe ezifana ISingapore, i-Indonesia, neThailand seziqala ukuba nokubaluleka emasu okwakha imikhiqizo yaseYurophu emhlabeni wonke.Futhi iSpain ayihlukile. Ukukhula kwesigaba esiphakathi, ukwamukelwa okusheshayo kwezixazululo zedijithali, kanye nokuthanda ukuthenga ku-inthanethi kudala indawo evundile yokungena kwemikhiqizo emisha.
Idokhumenti ithi ILazada isebenza njengendlela yesibili yokwandisa izinkampani esezivele zifinyelele eShayina Futhi bafuna ukuhlukanisa ubukhona babo ngokwendawo e-Asia. Kwezinye izinkampani, ukulandelana okunengqondo kuhilela ukuhlanganisa isikhundla sabo ezimakethe zaseShayina bese behlola lezi ezinye izimakethe ngezindlela ezahlukene zabathengi.
Kulomongo, Imikhiqizo yaseSpain inendawo yokudlulisela ingxenye yenzuzo yayo kwezemfashini, ubuhle noma indlela yokuphila emazweni lapho abathengi basemadolobheni bamukela khona imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufanayo, amathuba avela ezigabeni ezingavamile uma ukunikezwa kuhambisana nezidingo zendawo.
Umbiko uyakugqamisa lokho Indima ye-Alibaba ayigcini ekuhlinzekeni ngeplatifomu yobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi ihlanganisa nezinsizakalo zokusekela, amathuluzi okuhlaziya idatha kanye nezixazululo zezokuthuthaizakhi ezisiza ekunciphiseni ubunzima bokusebenza ezimakethe ezihlukene kakhulu ezinezinhlaka ezahlukene zomthetho.
Amapulatifomu edijithali njengesivikelo sokwenziwa kwamazwe ngamazwe
Umbiko ugcizelela ukuthi umthelela we-Alibaba udlulela ngale kwezibalo zokuthengisa: Amapulatifomu edijithali ayasungulwa njengezandisi zezomnotho zangempela zezinkampani zaseYurophu.esebenza njengezinjini zokwenza kube ngamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokukhula ngaphansi komongo wokuncintisana okukhulu komhlaba wonke.
Ngokusho kwenhloko yezindaba zomphakathi ye-Alibaba eSpain nasePortugal, UMauricio Escanilla, umgomo weqembu "ukwenza ukwenza ibhizinisi kube lula noma kuphi"Le ndlela ihumusha, empeleni, ibe yiqoqo lamathuluzi asukela ekuvuleni izitolo eziku-inthanethi ezivumelaniswe nemakethe yendawo kuya kuzixazululo zokumaketha, isevisi yamakhasimende kanye nokuphathwa kwembuyiselo.
Ngomkhakha okhiqizayo waseSpain, Lokhu kuhumusha ekunciphiseni izithiyo zokungena ezimakethe ezikude.Lokhu kusebenza kokubili maqondana nezindleko kanye nobunzima bokusebenza. Ama-SME kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zingasebenzisa ingqalasizinda ekhona ukuhlola izimakethe ezintsha zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, zilungise okunikezwayo ngokusekelwe kudatha yokusetshenziswa, futhi zikhulise imisebenzi yazo uma impendulo yemakethe inhle.
Ucwaningo luphinde luveze ukuthi, esimweni lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuvamile kubonisa izimpawu zokukhathala kwezinye izingxenyeIsiteshi sedijithali sinikeza enye indlela yokulondoloza ukukhula. Ukusebenza okuhlukile phakathi kokuthengisa okudluliselwa nge-Alibaba kanye nokuthunyelwa kwe-EU okuphelele eShayina kubonisa lo mkhuba.
Inkampani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, Uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzibophezela kwakhe kuhilela ukuqhubeka nokususa izithiyo nokwandisa amathuba ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. ezinkampanini ezisebenza ngaphakathi kwesimiso sayo semvelo. Izindawo ezibalulekile okugxilwe kuzo zifaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi okuhlaziya, ukuqinisa izinsizakalo zezokuthutha, kanye nokusekelwa kwemikhiqizo ekuzivumelaniseni kwayo namasiko kanye nokulawula emakethe ngayinye.
Uma ihlanganiswa, idatha eqoqwe yi-SDA Bocconi School of Management idweba isithombe lapho I-Alibaba isibe ngumlingani oqakathekile wezinkampani zaseSpain nezaseYurophu ezifuna ukuba khona eShayina nakwezinye izimakethe zase-Asia.Umthamo wokuthengisa, umnikelo ku-GDP kanye nemisebenzi ehambisanayo kubonisa ukuthi umthelela walezi zimakethe awuseyona ingxenye encane, kodwa ungowesakhiwo, nokuthi ukuhweba nge-inthanethi sekuyinto ebalulekile esukweni langaphandle lengxenye enkulu yendwangu yebhizinisi.
