Lokho okwakuyinsiza yobuchwepheshe egcinelwe izindawo zokuthutha sekuyisici sansuku zonke eSpain. Sikhuluma ngekhodi ye-QR , leso sikwele esinamaphethini amnyama namhlophe esisithwebula nsuku zonke ukuze sibuke imenyu, sikhokhele indawo yokupaka, sifinyelele umcimbi, noma sixhume ku-Wi-Fi yebha. Kodwa ukulula kwayo kunephutha: ukulula kwayo ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuvulele umnyango wokukhwabanisa okusha okuchuma ngokuthandwa kwayo.
Konke kwashesha ngo-2020. Ngokufika kobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, amabhizinisi kwadingeka azivumelanise ngokushesha futhi athola kumakhodi e-QR indlela esheshayo yokunikeza amamenyu angenamaphepha nangenawo okuthinta. Lolo shintsho emikhubeni luzohlala lukhona, futhi namuhla ikhodi ayisatholakali nje kuphela embonini yokungenisa izihambi, kodwa futhi isetshenziselwa izinkokhelo, amathikithi edijithali, izinqubo zokuphatha, noma ngisho nokufinyelela amanethiwekhi e-Wi-Fi ngaphandle kokuthayipha amaphasiwedi amade. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iye yaba yisisulu esikhangayo sezigebengu ze-inthanethi, ezibize indlela yazo entsha yokuhlasela ngokuthi i-QRishing . Futhi kule ndaba, isixhumanisi esibuthakathaka kakhulu ngokuvamile ukushesha komsebenzisi.
Iyini ikhodi ye-QR futhi isebenza kanjani?
Ikhodi ye-QR (ikhodi yokuphendula okusheshayo) iyithegi ebonakalayo egcina ulwazi ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngokungafani nebhakhodi yendabuko, egcina idatha ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela, ikhodi ye-QR isabalalisa kokubili ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile ngaphakathi kwegridi. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela okuqukethwe okuningi kakhulu ukuthi kufakwe esikhaleni esifanayo futhi sihlanganisa nezinhlelo zokulungisa amaphutha ezivumela ukuthi kufundwe ngisho noma kunomonakalo oyingxenye noma ukungcola okuncane.
Inqubo yokudala ilula: ijeneretha iguqula okuqukethwe okufiswayo (i-URL, umbhalo, inombolo yocingo, noma idatha yokuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi) ibe yizicucu, izibeke kugridi, bese ingeza izikwele ezintathu ezisemakhoneni ezisiza ikhamera ukuthi iziqondise. Lokhu kulula kokudala kuye kwandise ukusetshenziswa kwayo, kodwa futhi kuvulele noma ngubani ithuba lokudala ikhodi ye-QR ngezinjongo ezimbi ngaphandle kokudinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamakhodi e-QR kukhona lawo angaguquki kanye nalawo aguquguqukayo. Amakhodi e-QR angaguquki agcina ulwazi ngendlela ehleliwe, ngakho-ke uma udinga ukushintsha okuqukethwe, kufanele udale ikhodi entsha bese usabalalisa kabusha. Lokhu kuwusizo kudatha engashintshi, njengenombolo ye-serial noma ukubhaliswa okukodwa. Amakhodi e-QR angaguquki, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asebenza ngokuqondisa kabusha okufushane: ikhodi ye-QR ikhomba ekhelini eliphakathi elingashintshwa, ngakho-ke uma ushintsha indawo oya kuyo ngemva kokuyiphrinta, awudingi ukuphrinta kabusha noma yini. Lena inketho ekhethwa izindawo zokudlela nezitolo ngoba ibavumela ukuthi babuyekeze amamenyu noma okunikezwayo ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ikhodi entsha njalo ngeviki.
Uhlangothi olumnyama: nansi indlela i-QRishing esebenza ngayo
Inkinga yavela lapho izigebengu ze-inthanethi ziqala ukubona amakhodi e-QR njengendlela ephelele yokukhohlisa. I-QRishing iyindlela ehlukile ye-phishing yendabuko lapho umhlaseli ephrinta ikhodi mbumbulu bese eyinamathisela phezu kwesemthethweni noma ayibeke ezindaweni zomphakathi njengamamitha okupaka, izimpawu zokupaka, izindonga, noma amabhodi ezimemezelo. Lapho isisulu siyiskena, siyiswa kuwebhusayithi yokukhwabanisa ezenza inkampani, ibhange, noma isevisi esemthethweni, ngenhloso yokweba amaphasiwedi, idatha yomuntu siqu, noma ulwazi lwasebhange.
Elinye lamaqhinga avame kakhulu lifaka ukubeka isitikha phezu kwekhodi yokuqala ye-QR , isibonelo, etafuleni lendawo yokudlela noma uphawu lokukhokha lokupaka. Uma ikhodi ibonakala ihlutshiwe, ingaqondile, noma inekhwalithi ehlukile yokuphrinta kunezinye izimpawu, kungcono ukungayiskena. Kube nezimo zamaphakheji angacelwanga afika emakhaya anekhodi ye-QR ukuze "aqinisekise ukulethwa" noma "alandelele ukuthunyelwa," okuholela empeleni kuwebhusayithi ekhohlisayo. Imiyalezo ye-WhatsApp emema abasebenzisi ukuthi baskena ikhodi ukuze baxhumanise idivayisi, kanti empeleni banikeza ukufinyelela komuntu wesithathu ku-akhawunti, kungenye indlela yokukhohlisa esetshenziswa njalo eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Isikhathi samaholide siyandisa kakhulu ingozi. Ngo-Agasti, okuhambisana nezinqubo zokuvala zokuphela konyaka kanye nokuqashwa kwesizini, ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi izigebengu ze-inthanethi zandisa imikhankaso yazo ukuze zihlanganise yonke indawo yokuhamba: amathikithi ezindiza afika ngeposi "ephuthumayo", ukuzenza umuntu ongeyena amapulatifomu okubhuka, kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemali okukhohlisayo kokubambezeleka noma izimali ezisele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubiza (ukuzenza umuntu ongeyena) kuguquke ngokusebenzisa ukubiza ngezwi okunamandla e-AI ukukhohlisa abasebenzi nokuthola ukudluliselwa noma izinguquko ze-akhawunti yasebhange. Kulezi zimo, isincomo sochwepheshe sicacile: uma ubhekene nocingo noma umlayezo ophuthumayo, sola futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uvela kwenye isiteshi ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo.
Indlela yokuthola ikhodi ye-QR mbumbulu ngaphambi kokuyiskena
I-Spanish National Cybersecurity Institute (INCIBE) ibilokhu ikhipha izixwayiso ngalokhu isikhathi esithile. Isincomo esiyinhloko ukubuka kuqala i-URL ngaphambi kokuyivula . Ku-Android naku-iPhone, ikheli lendawo liyavela ngemuva kokuskena ikhodi, ngakho-ke thatha imizuzwana embalwa ukuyibuyekeza. Uma isizinda singahambisani negama elisemthethweni lenkampani, uma sinezimpawu zokubhala noma izinhlamvu ezingajwayelekile, noma uma kuyisixhumanisi esifinyeziwe, kungcono ukuhamba ngaphandle kokuchofoza.
Esinye isibonakaliso esibomvu ukuthi uma ifoni yakho ikucela ukuthi ulande ifayela le-APK, okuyingozi kakhulu kumadivayisi e-Android ngoba ingafaka i-malware. Kufanele futhi uqaphele uma ikucela ukuthi ufake amaphasiwedi noma imininingwane yasebhange ngokushesha ngemva kokuvula ikhasi. Amawebhusayithi asemthethweni awavamile ukucela lolu hlobo lolwazi ekuvakasheni kokuqala ngekhodi ye-QR.
Phakathi kwamathiphu awusizo ochwepheshe abawagcizelela ngokuphindaphindiwe yile:
- Skena amakhodi avela emithonjeni ethembekile kuphela, okungcono kakhulu ezisekelweni ezihleliwe hhayi ezitikheni ezengeziwe.
- Qinisekisa ikheli lewebhu ngaphambi kokuvula isixhumanisi futhi ungathembi izifinyezi zezixhumanisi.
- Sebenzisa ikhamera yakho yoqobo esikhundleni sezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze uskene.
- Gwema ukufaka ulwazi lomuntu siqu noma lwasebhange uma isayithi liphakamisa ngisho nokungabaza okuncane kakhulu.
- Gcina uhlelo lokusebenza lwefoni yakho kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathini.
Uma usuvele uskene ikhodi esolisayo futhi wafaka iwebhusayithi ongayijwayele, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuyivala ngokushesha. Uma ufake iphasiwedi, yishintshe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yesevisi bese uvumela ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili. Uma ulande uhlelo lokusebenza olungaziwa, lukhiphe bese usebenzisa ukuskena kokuphepha kudivayisi yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungumqondo omuhle ukubuyekeza umsebenzi kunoma yimaphi ama-akhawunti asebhange axhunyiwe futhi, uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana okungavamile, xhumana nebhange lakho ukuze uvimbele ikhadi. Ukwenza isinyathelo ngokushesha kungenza umehluko phakathi kokwesaba okukhulu nokuphazamiseka okulula.
Ngaphandle kokukhwabanisa: Amakhodi e-QR nawo anezinhlangothi zawo ezinhle
Naphezu kwezingozi, amakhodi e-QR akufanele adelelwe. Ahlala eyithuluzi eliwusizo, elingabizi, futhi eliguquguqukayo kakhulu lamabhizinisi nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Avumela ukufinyelela kumadokhumenti namavidiyo, izinkokhelo, amathikithi edijithali, ulwazi lwemyuziyamu, ukwabelana ngendawo, kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-Wi-Fi ngaphandle kokufaka iphasiwedi. Ukulula kwawo kokushintsha kusuka ephepheni kuya kuselula kuchaza ukuthi kungani, ngisho nangemva kobhubhane, ehlala eyingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yethu yansuku zonke. Isihluthulelo ukuwasebenzisa ngokuhlakanipha nokulalela iseluleko ochwepheshe bezokuphepha kwe-cyber abavame ukusinikeza: ungalokothi wenze ngokuphamazela futhi njalo uqinisekise isiteshi ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo.
Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi esizayo lapho ukhipha ifoni yakho ukuskena ikhodi emgwaqweni, etekisini, noma ebhawa, thatha imizuzwana embalwa ukuhlola ngokucophelela idivayisi kanye nekheli lewebhusayithi eliholela kulo. Ubuchwepheshe buye benza ukuvula ikhasi kube yinto yesikhashana, kodwa leso sivinini esifanayo sisebenza futhi kulabo abafuna ukukukhohlisa. Ngokunaka okuncane, amakhodi e-QR azoqhubeka nokuba yinto eyenza izimpilo zethu zibe lula ngaphandle kokubeka idatha yethu engozini.
